Rippin, HL orcid.org/0000-0002-8879-3978, Hutchinson, J, Jewell, J et al. (2 more authors) (2019) Comparison of consumed portion sizes and on-pack serving sizes of UK energy dense foods. Appetite, 134. pp. 193-203. ISSN 0195-6663
Abstract
Studies indicate a 'portion size effect' association between increased portion size and energy intake, but direct links with obesity remain unproven. UK portion size guidance is outdated and evidence suggests that on-pack serving-sizes have increased in some energy-dense foods. Serving-sizes are compared with consumed portion sizes in popular energy, fat and sugar-dense foods, and patterns explored. Data was analysed for adults aged 19-64y (excluding under-reporters) from the UK National Diet & Nutrition Survey 2008-2014 (n = 2377) for consumed portion sizes and a commercial product database of major UK retailers provided serving-sizes. Popular energy-dense food groups were split into 45 product-based subgroups. Means of consumed portion size and on-pack serving-size were calculated and compared and nutrition per 100 g and per serve was explored. Just 57% products had serving-size compared to 97% with pack-size information. Serving-size ranges were wide and varied across food groups. Consumed portion sizes were significantly higher than on-pack serving-size in all main food groups and most subgroups. The greatest difference between consumed portion size and on-pack serving-size was Crisps (44%), and within this, 'popcorn' (151%). In Chocolate and Crisps, food subgroups with the largest on-pack serving-sizes were also the most macronutrient dense. Serving-size was unavailable for many products. However, where available, consumed portion sizes were higher than on-pack serving-size in all main food groups and most subgroups. The results could inform updated portion size guidance of energy-dense foods. Further work is needed to clarify whether smaller serving and pack sizes lead to lower total consumption and energy/nutrient intake.
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | (c) 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Appetite. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. | ||||
Keywords: | Food portion size; Serving size; Energy dense foods; Portion size guidance; National diet surveys; Nutritional epidemiology | ||||
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Institution: | The University of Leeds | ||||
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Food Science and Nutrition (Leeds) > FSN Nutrition and Public Health (Leeds) | ||||
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Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications | ||||
Date Deposited: | 11 Jan 2019 14:29 | ||||
Last Modified: | 21 Dec 2019 01:39 | ||||
Status: | Published | ||||
Publisher: | Elsevier | ||||
Identification Number: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2018.12.018 | ||||
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