A review of iron carbonate (FeCO₃) formation in the oil and gas industry

This paper reviews the information in the literature relating to FeCO₃ formation in the context of oil and gas production. Numerous factors which influence the kinetics, physical properties and protective nature of FeCO₃ are considered in addition to a review of semi-empirical models developed to predict precipitation/corrosion layer accumulation rate.

The limitations of current models are discussed and the challenges of conducting deposition studies onto steel surfaces in a controlled environment using laboratory based techniques are also reviewed. Finally, more recently employed experimental techniques are considered in their potential to provide a further understanding of FeCO₃ and mixed carbonate kinetics.