Double présence: Migrations, liens ville-campagne et luttes pour l’indépendance à Alger, Casablanca, Hanoi et Saigon / Connecting city and countryside: Migrations, city-countryside connections, and struggles for independence in Algiers, Casablanca, Hanoi, and Saigon

Colonization increased migration for socio-economic reasons and wars of independence gave birth to refugee migrations. Comparing Algiers, Casablanca, Hanoi, and Saigon, this article examines the causes of internal migrations, and their social, spatial, and political ramifications. Migrants played a key role in the struggle for independence, connecting cities with rural areas and using segregated urban spaces as a political resource: colonial authorities responded with both repression and reform.