Seismic risk management: A system-based perspective

The deployment of seismic risk management is fraught with issues of complexity, ambiguity and uncertainty posing extra challenges in assessing, modelling and management. The complexity of earthquake impacts and the uncertain nature of information necessitate establishing a systematic approach to address the risk of many effects of seismic events in a reliable and realistic way. This study was launched to review and criticize appropriate risk assessment methods for different seismic applications focusing on general characteristics from a systems perspective. The outcome of this study demonstrates the importance of a system perspective, providing a deeper insight into the background characteristics and the potential challenges involved within seismic risk management. This allows users to compare various systems and to choose the most appropriate approach according to the scope, size, accuracy and complexity of the application.