Differential evolution-based 3-D directional wireless sensor network deployment optimization

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are applied more and more widely in real life. In actual scenarios, 3-D directional wireless sensor nodes are constantly employed, thus, research on the real-time deployment optimization issue of 3-D directional WSNs based on terrain big data has more practical significance. Based on this, we study the deployment optimization issue of directional WSNs in the 3-D terrain through comprehensive consideration of coverage, lifetime, connectivity of sensor nodes, connectivity of cluster headers, and reliability of directional WSNs. We present a modified differential evolution algorithm by adopting crossover rate sort and polynomial-based mutation on the basis of the cooperative coevolutionary framework, and apply it to address the deployment problem of 3-D directional WSNs. In addition, to reduce computation time, we realize implementation of message passing interface parallelism. As is revealed by the experimentation results, the modified algorithm proposed in this paper achieves better performance with respect to either optimization results or operation time.