Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA

Abstract

We present possible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron star systems, which are the most promising targets for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources of the detected signals depends on the geographical distribution of the detectors and their relative sensitivity, and 90% credible regions can be as large as thousands of square degrees when only two sensitive detectors are operational. Determining the sky position of a significant fraction of detected signals to areas of 5– 20 deg2 requires at least three detectors of sensitivity within a factor of ∼2 of each other and with a broad frequency bandwidth. When all detectors, including KAGRA and the third LIGO detector in India, reach design sensitivity, a significant fraction of gravitational-wave signals will be localized to a few square degrees by gravitational-wave observations alone.

Metadata

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Abbott, BP Abbott, R Abbott, TD Abernathy, MR Acernese, F Ackley, K Adams, C Adams, T Addesso, P Adhikari, RX Adya, VB Affeldt, C Agathos, M Agatsuma, K Aggarwal, N Aguiar, OD Aiello, L Ain, A Ajith, P Akutsu, T Allen, B Allocca, A Altin, PA Ananyeva, A Anderson, SB Anderson, WG Ando, M Appert, S Arai, K Araya, A Araya, MC Areeda, JS Arnaud, N Arun, KG Asada, H Ascenzi, S Ashton, G Aso, Y Ast, M Aston, SM Astone, P Atsuta, S Aufmuth, P Aulbert, C Avila-Alvarez, A Awai, K Babak, S Bacon, P Bader, MKM Baiotti, L Baker, PT Baldaccini, F Ballardin, G Ballmer, SW Barayoga, JC Barclay, SE Barish, BC Barker, D Barone, F Barr, B Barsotti, L Barsuglia, M Barta, D Bartlett, J Barton, MA Bartos, I Bassiri, R Basti, A Batch, JC Baune, C Bavigadda, V Bazzan, M Bécsy, B Beer, C Bejger, M Belahcene, I Belgin, M Bell, AS Berger, BK Bergmann, G Berry, CPL Bersanetti, D Bertolini, A Betzwieser, J Bhagwat, S Bhandare, R Bilenko, IA Billingsley, G Billman, CR Birch, J Birney, R Birnholtz, O Biscans, S Bisht, A Bitossi, M Biwer, C Bizouard, MA Blackburn, JK Blackman, J Blair, CD Blair, DG Blair, RM Bloemen, S Bock, O Boer, M Bogaert, G Bohe, A Bondu, F Bonnand, R Boom, BA Bork, R Boschi, V Bose, S Bouffanais, Y Bozzi, A Bradaschia, C Brady, PR Braginsky, VB Branchesi, M Brau, JE Briant, T Brillet, A Brinkmann, M Brisson, V Brockill, P Broida, JE Brooks, AF Brown, DA Brown, DD Brown, NM Brunett, S Buchanan, CC Buikema, A Bulik, T Bulten, HJ Buonanno, A Buskulic, D Buy, C Byer, RL Cabero, M Cadonati, L Cagnoli, G Cahillane, C Calderón Bustillo, J Callister, TA Calloni, E Camp, JB Cannon, KC Cao, H Cao, J Capano, CD Capocasa, E Carbognani, F Caride, S Casanueva Diaz, J Casentini, C Caudill, S Cavaglià, M Cavalier, F Cavalieri, R Cella, G Cepeda, CB Cerboni Baiardi, L Cerretani, G Cesarini, E Chamberlin, SJ Chan, M Chao, S Charlton, P Chassande-Mottin, E Cheeseboro, BD Chen, HY Chen, Y Cheng, H-P Chincarini, A Chiummo, A Chmiel, T Cho, HS Cho, M Chow, JH Christensen, N Chu, Q Chua, AJK Chua, S Chung, S Ciani, G Clara, F Clark, JA Cleva, F Cocchieri, C Coccia, E Cohadon, P-F Colla, A Collette, CG Cominsky, L Constancio, M Conti, L Cooper, SJ Corbitt, TR Cornish, N Corsi, A Cortese, S Costa, CA Coughlin, MW Coughlin, SB Coulon, J-P Countryman, ST Couvares, P Covas, PB Cowan, EE Coward, DM Cowart, MJ Coyne, DC Coyne, R Creighton, JDE Creighton, TD Cripe, J Crowder, SG Cullen, TJ Cumming, A Cunningham, L Cuoco, E Canton, TD Danilishin, SL D’Antonio, S Danzmann, K Dasgupta, A Da Silva Costa, CF Dattilo, V Dave, I Davier, M Davies, GS Davis, D Daw, EJ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3780-5430 Day, B Day, R De, S DeBra, D Debreczeni, G Degallaix, J De Laurentis, M Deléglise, S Del Pozzo, W Denker, T Dent, T Dergachev, V De Rosa, R DeRosa, RT DeSalvo, R Devine, RC Dhurandhar, S Díaz, MC Fiore, LD Giovanni, MD Girolamo, TD Lieto, AD Pace, SD Palma, ID Virgilio, AD Doctor, Z Doi, K Dolique, V Donovan, F Dooley, KL Doravari, S Dorrington, I Douglas, R Dovale Álvarez, M Downes, TP Drago, M Drever, RWP Driggers, JC Du, Z Ducrot, M Dwyer, SE Eda, K Edo, TB Edwards, MC Effler, A Eggenstein, H-B Ehrens, P Eichholz, J Eikenberry, SS Eisenstein, RA Essick, RC Etienne, Z Etzel, T Evans, M Evans, TM Everett, R Factourovich, M Fafone, V Fair, H Fairhurst, S Fan, X Farinon, S Farr, B Farr, WM Fauchon-Jones, EJ Favata, M Fays, M Fehrmann, H Fejer, MM Fernández Galiana, A Ferrante, I Ferreira, EC Ferrini, F Fidecaro, F Fiori, I Fiorucci, D Fisher, RP Flaminio, R Fletcher, M Fong, H Forsyth, SS Fournier, J-D Frasca, S Frasconi, F Frei, Z Freise, A Frey, R Frey, V Fries, EM Fritschel, P Frolov, VV Fujii, Y Fujimoto, M-K Fulda, P Fyffe, M Gabbard, H Gadre, BU Gaebel, SM Gair, JR Gammaitoni, L Gaonkar, SG Garufi, F Gaur, G Gayathri, V Gehrels, N Gemme, G Genin, E Gennai, A George, J Gergely, L Germain, V Ghonge, S Ghosh, A Ghosh, A Ghosh, S Giaime, JA Giardina, KD Giazotto, A Gill, K Glaefke, A Goetz, E Goetz, R Gondan, L González, G Gonzalez Castro, JM Gopakumar, A Gorodetsky, ML Gossan, SE Gosselin, M Gouaty, R Grado, A Graef, C Granata, M Grant, A Gras, S Gray, C Greco, G Green, AC Groot, P Grote, H Grunewald, S Guidi, GM Guo, X Gupta, A Gupta, MK Gushwa, KE Gustafson, EK Gustafson, R Hacker, JJ Hagiwara, A Hall, BR Hall, ED Hammond, G Haney, M Hanke, MM Hanks, J Hanna, C Hannam, MD Hanson, J Hardwick, T Harms, J Harry, GM Harry, IW Hart, MJ Hartman, MT Haster, C-J Haughian, K Hayama, K Healy, J Heidmann, A Heintze, MC Heitmann, H Hello, P Hemming, G Hendry, M Heng, IS Hennig, J Henry, J Heptonstall, AW Heurs, M Hild, S Hirose, E Hoak, D Hofman, D Holt, K Holz, DE Hopkins, P Hough, J Houston, EA Howell, EJ Hu, YM Huerta, EA Huet, D Hughey, B Husa, S Huttner, SH Huynh-Dinh, T Indik, N Ingram, DR Inta, R Ioka, K Isa, HN Isac, J-M Isi, M Isogai, T Itoh, Y Iyer, BR Izumi, K Jacqmin, T Jani, K Jaranowski, P Jawahar, S Jiménez-Forteza, F Johnson, WW Jones, DI Jones, R Jonker, RJG Ju, L Junker, J Kagawa, T Kajita, T Kakizaki, M Kalaghatgi, CV Kalogera, V Kamiizumi, M Kanda, N Kandhasamy, S Kanemura, S Kaneyama, M Kang, G Kanner, JB Karki, S Karvinen, KS Kasprzack, M Kataoka, Y Katsavounidis, E Katzman, W Kaufer, S Kaur, T Kawabe, K Kawai, N Kawamura, S Kéfélian, F Keitel, D Kelley, DB Kennedy, R Key, JS Khalili, FY Khan, I Khan, S Khan, Z Khazanov, EA Kijbunchoo, N Kim, C Kim, H Kim, JC Kim, J Kim, W Kim, Y-M Kimbrell, SJ Kimura, N King, EJ King, PJ Kirchhoff, R Kissel, JS Klein, B Kleybolte, L Klimenko, S Koch, P Koehlenbeck, SM Kojima, Y Kokeyama, K Koley, S Komori, K Kondrashov, V Kontos, A Korobko, M Korth, WZ Kotake, K Kowalska, I Kozak, DB Krämer, C Kringel, V Krishnan, B Królak, A Kuehn, G Kumar, P Kumar, R Kumar, R Kuo, L Kuroda, K Kutynia, A Kuwahara, Y Lackey, BD Landry, M Lang, RN Lange, J Lantz, B Lanza, RK Lartaux-Vollard, A Lasky, PD Laxen, M Lazzarini, A Lazzaro, C Leaci, P Leavey, S Lebigot, EO Lee, CH Lee, HK Lee, HM Lee, HW Lee, K Lehmann, J Lenon, A Leonardi, M Leong, JR Leroy, N Letendre, N Levin, Y Li, TGF Libson, A Littenberg, TB Liu, J Lockerbie, NA Lombardi, AL London, LT Lord, JE Lorenzini, M Loriette, V Lormand, M Losurdo, G Lough, JD Lousto, CO Lovelace, G Lück, H Lundgren, AP Lynch, R Ma, Y Macfoy, S Machenschalk, B MacInnis, M Macleod, DM Magaña-Sandoval, F Majorana, E Maksimovic, I Malvezzi, V Man, N Mandic, V Mangano, V Mano, S Mansell, GL Manske, M Mantovani, M Marchesoni, F Marchio, M Marion, F Márka, S Márka, Z Markosyan, AS Maros, E Martelli, F Martellini, L Martin, IW Martynov, DV Mason, K Masserot, A Massinger, TJ Masso-Reid, M Mastrogiovanni, S Matichard, F Matone, L Matsumoto, N Matsushima, F Mavalvala, N Mazumder, N McCarthy, R McClelland, DE McCormick, S McGrath, C McGuire, SC McIntyre, G McIver, J McManus, DJ McRae, T McWilliams, ST Meacher, D Meadors, GD Meidam, J Melatos, A Mendell, G Mendoza-Gandara, D Mercer, RA Merilh, EL Merzougui, M Meshkov, S Messenger, C Messick, C Metzdorff, R Meyers, PM Mezzani, F Miao, H Michel, C Michimura, Y Middleton, H Mikhailov, EE Milano, L Miller, AL Miller, A Miller, BB Miller, J Millhouse, M Minenkov, Y Ming, J Mirshekari, S Mishra, C Mitrofanov, VP Mitselmakher, G Mittleman, R Miyakawa, O Miyamoto, A Miyamoto, T Miyoki, S Moggi, A Mohan, M Mohapatra, SRP Montani, M Moore, BC Moore, CJ Moraru, D Moreno, G Morii, W Morisaki, S Moriwaki, Y Morriss, SR Mours, B Mow-Lowry, CM Mueller, G Muir, AW Mukherjee, A Mukherjee, D Mukherjee, S Mukund, N Mullavey, A Munch, J Muniz, EAM Murray, PG Mytidis, A Nagano, S Nakamura, K Nakamura, T Nakano, H Nakano, M Nakano, M Nakao, K Napier, K Nardecchia, I Narikawa, T Naticchioni, L Nelemans, G Nelson, TJN Neri, M Nery, M Neunzert, A Newport, JM Newton, G Nguyen, TT Ni, W-T Nielsen, AB Nissanke, S Nitz, A Noack, A Nocera, F Nolting, D Normandin, MEN Nuttall, LK Oberling, J Ochsner, E Oelker, E Ogin, GH Oh, JJ Oh, SH Ohashi, M Ohishi, N Ohkawa, M Ohme, F Okutomi, K Oliver, M Ono, K Ono, Y Oohara, K Oppermann, P Oram, RJ O’Reilly, B O’Shaughnessy, R Ottaway, DJ Overmier, H Owen, BJ Pace, AE Page, J Pai, A Pai, SA Palamos, JR Palashov, O Palomba, C Pal-Singh, A Pan, H Pankow, C Pannarale, F Pant, BC Paoletti, F Paoli, A Papa, MA Paris, HR Parker, W Pascucci, D Pasqualetti, A Passaquieti, R Passuello, D Patricelli, B Pearlstone, BL Pedraza, M Pedurand, R Pekowsky, L Pele, A Peña Arellano, FE Penn, S Perez, CJ Perreca, A Perri, LM Pfeiffer, HP Phelps, M Piccinni, OJ Pichot, M Piergiovanni, F Pierro, V Pillant, G Pinard, L Pinto, IM Pitkin, M Poe, M Poggiani, R Popolizio, P Post, A Powell, J Prasad, J Pratt, JWW Predoi, V Prestegard, T Prijatelj, M Principe, M Privitera, S Prodi, GA Prokhorov, LG Puncken, O Punturo, M Puppo, P Pürrer, M Qi, H Qin, J Qiu, S Quetschke, V Quintero, EA Quitzow-James, R Raab, FJ Rabeling, DS Radkins, H Raffai, P Raja, S Rajan, C Rakhmanov, M Rapagnani, P Raymond, V Razzano, M Re, V Read, J Regimbau, T Rei, L Reid, S Reitze, DH Rew, H Reyes, SD Rhoades, E Ricci, F Riles, K Rizzo, M Robertson, NA Robie, R Robinet, F Rocchi, A Rolland, L Rollins, JG Roma, VJ Romano, R Romie, JH Rosińska, D Rowan, S Rüdiger, A Ruggi, P Ryan, K Sachdev, S Sadecki, T Sadeghian, L Sago, N Saijo, M Saito, Y Sakai, K Sakellariadou, M Salconi, L Saleem, M Salemi, F Samajdar, A Sammut, L Sampson, LM Sanchez, EJ Sandberg, V Sanders, JR Sasaki, Y Sassolas, B Sathyaprakash, BS Sato, S Sato, T Saulson, PR Sauter, O Savage, RL Sawadsky, A Schale, P Scheuer, J Schmidt, E Schmidt, J Schmidt, P Schnabel, R Schofield, RMS Schönbeck, A Schreiber, E Schuette, D Schutz, BF Schwalbe, SG Scott, J Scott, SM Sekiguchi, T Sekiguchi, Y Sellers, D Sengupta, AS Sentenac, D Sequino, V Sergeev, A Setyawati, Y Shaddock, DA Shaffer, TJ Shahriar, MS Shapiro, B Shawhan, P Sheperd, A Shibata, M Shikano, Y Shimoda, T Shoda, A Shoemaker, DH Shoemaker, DM Siellez, K Siemens, X Sieniawska, M Sigg, D Silva, AD Singer, A Singer, LP Singh, A Singh, R Singhal, A Sintes, AM Slagmolen, BJJ Smith, B Smith, JR Smith, RJE Somiya, K Son, EJ Sorazu, B Sorrentino, F Souradeep, T Spencer, AP Srivastava, AK Staley, A Steinke, M Steinlechner, J Steinlechner, S Steinmeyer, D Stephens, BC Stevenson, SP Stone, R Strain, KA Straniero, N Stratta, G Strigin, SE Sturani, R Stuver, AL Sugimoto, Y Summerscales, TZ Sun, L Sunil, S Sutton, PJ Suzuki, T Swinkels, BL Szczepańczyk, MJ Tacca, M Tagoshi, H Takada, S Takahashi, H Takahashi, R Takamori, A Talukder, D Tanaka, H Tanaka, K Tanaka, T Tanner, DB Tápai, M Taracchini, A Tatsumi, D Taylor, R Telada, S Theeg, T Thomas, EG Thomas, M Thomas, P Thorne, KA Thrane, E Tippens, T Tiwari, S Tiwari, V Tokmakov, KV Toland, K Tomaru, T Tomlinson, C Tonelli, M Tornasi, Z Torrie, CI Töyrä, D Travasso, F Traylor, G Trifirò, D Trinastic, J Tringali, MC Trozzo, L Tse, M Tso, R Tsubono, K Tsuzuki, T Turconi, M Tuyenbayev, D Uchiyama, T Uehara, T Ueki, S Ueno, K Ugolini, D Unnikrishnan, CS Urban, AL Ushiba, T Usman, SA Vahlbruch, H Vajente, G Valdes, G van Bakel, N van Beuzekom, M van den Brand, JFJ Van Den Broeck, C Vander-Hyde, DC van der Schaaf, L van Heijningen, JV van Putten, MHPM van Veggel, AA Vardaro, M Varma, V Vass, S Vasúth, M Vecchio, A Vedovato, G Veitch, J Veitch, PJ Venkateswara, K Venugopalan, G Verkindt, D Vetrano, F Viceré, A Viets, AD Vinciguerra, S Vine, DJ Vinet, J-Y Vitale, S Vo, T Vocca, H Vorvick, C Voss, DV Vousden, WD Vyatchanin, SP Wade, AR Wade, LE Wade, M Wakamatsu, T Walker, M Wallace, L Walsh, S Wang, G Wang, H Wang, M Wang, Y Ward, RL Warner, J Was, M Watchi, J Weaver, B Wei, L-W Weinert, M Weinstein, AJ Weiss, R Wen, L Weßels, P Westphal, T Wette, K Whelan, JT Whiting, BF Whittle, C Williams, D Williams, RD Williamson, AR Willis, JL Willke, B Wimmer, MH Winkler, W Wipf, CC Wittel, H Woan, G Woehler, J Worden, J Wright, JL Wu, DS Wu, G Yam, W Yamamoto, H Yamamoto, K Yamamoto, T Yancey, CC Yano, K Yap, MJ Yokoyama, J Yokozawa, T Yoon, TH Yu, H Yu, H Yuzurihara, H Yvert, M Zadrożny, A Zangrando, L Zanolin, M Zeidler, S Zendri, J-P Zevin, M Zhang, L Zhang, M Zhang, T Zhang, Y Zhao, C Zhou, M Zhou, Z Zhu, SJ Zhu, XJ Zucker, ME Zweizig, J KAGRA Collaboration, LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Col
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© 2018 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Keywords:	Gravitational waves; Gravitational-wave detectors; Electromagnetic counterparts; Data analysis
Dates:	Published: 14 December 2018 Published (online): 26 April 2018 Accepted: 7 February 2018
Institution:	The University of Sheffield
Academic Units:	The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > Department of Physics and Astronomy (Sheffield)
Depositing User:	Symplectic Sheffield
Date Deposited:	01 May 2019 09:38
Last Modified:	01 May 2019 09:38
Status:	Published
Publisher:	Springer (part of Springer Nature)
Refereed:	Yes
Identification Number:	10.1007/s41114-018-0012-9
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):	oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:145507

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Prospects for observing and localizing gravitational-wave transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA

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