Wardrope, A., Newberry, E. and Reuber, M. orcid.org/0000-0002-4104-6705 (2018) Diagnostic criteria to aid the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with transient loss of consciousness: A systematic review. Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy, 61. pp. 139-148. ISSN 1059-1311
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) is a common presentation in primary care. Over 90% of these are due to epileptic seizures (ES), syncope, or psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). Misdiagnosis rates are as high as 30%. METHODS: Systematic review of inter-ictal clinical criteria to aid differential diagnosis of TLOC. We searched Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycInfo databases, as well as relevant grey literature depositories and citations of relevant reviews and guidelines for studies giving sensitivity and specificity of inter-ictal clinical characteristics used to differentiate between causes of TLOC. Two independent reviewers selected studies for inclusion and performed critical appraisal of included articles. We performed a narrative synthesis of included studies. RESULTS: Of 1023 results, 16 papers were included. Two compared syncope, ES, and PNES; all others compared ES and PNES. All were at significant risk of bias in at least one domain. 6 studied patient symptoms, 6 medical and social history, 3 witness reports and 1 examination findings. No individual criterion differentiated between diagnoses with high sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of validated diagnostic criteria to help clinicians assessing patients in primary or emergency care settings to discriminate between common causes of TLOC. Performance may be improved by combining sets of criteria in a clinical decision rule, but no such rule has been validated prospectively against gold-standard diagnostic criteria.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2018 Elsevier. This is an author produced version of a paper subsequently published in Seizure. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. Article available under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
Keywords: | Differential diagnosis; Epilepsy; Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures; Syncope; Systematic review |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Sheffield Teaching Hospitals |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 19 Sep 2018 14:07 |
Last Modified: | 16 Aug 2019 00:43 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2018.08.012 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.08.012 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:135844 |