Constraints on meteoric smoke composition and meteoric influx using SOFIE observations with models

The composition of meteoric smoke particles in the mesosphere is constrained using measurements from the Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment (SOFIE) in conjunction with models. Comparing the multiwavelength observations with models suggests smoke compositions of magnetite, wüstite, magnesiowüstite, or iron-rich olivine. Smoke compositions of pure pyroxene, hematite, iron-poor olivine, magnesium silicate, and silica are excluded, although this may be because these materials have weak signatures at the SOFIE wavelengths. Information concerning smoke composition allows the SOFIE extinction measurements to be converted to smoke volume density. Comparing the observed volume density with model results for varying meteoric influx (MI) provides constraints on the ablated fraction of incoming meteoric material. The results indicate a global ablated MI of 3.3 ± 1.9 t d−1, which represents only iron, magnesium, and possibly silica, given the smoke compositions indicated here. Considering the optics and iron content of individual smoke compositions gives an ablated Fe influx of 1.8 ± 0.9 t d−1. Finally, the global total meteoric influx (ablated plus surviving) is estimated to be 30 ± 18 t d−1, when considering the present results and a recent description of the speciation of meteoric material.