Building work engagement: A systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the effectiveness of work engagement interventions

Low work engagement may contribute towards decreased well-being and work performance. Evaluating, boosting, and sustaining work engagement is therefore of interest to many organizations. However, the evidence on which to base interventions has not yet been synthesised. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to assess the evidence for the effectiveness of work engagement interventions. A systematic literature search identified controlled workplace interventions employing a validated measure of work engagement. Most used the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Studies containing the relevant quantitative data underwent random-effects meta-analyses. Results were assessed for homogeneity, systematic sampling error, publication bias, and quality. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria and were categorised into four types of interventions: 1) personal resource building; 2) job resource building; 3) leadership training; and 4) health promotion. The overall effect on work engagement was small, but positive, k=14, Hedges g=0.29, 95%-CI=0.12-0.46. Moderator analyses revealed a significant result for intervention style, with a medium to large effect for group interventions. Heterogeneity between the studies was high, and the success of implementation varied. More studies are needed, and researchers are encouraged to collaborate closely with organizations to design interventions appropriate to individual contexts and settings, and include evaluations of intervention implementation.