Fobbe, T, Nong, H, Schott, R et al. (11 more authors) (2016) Improving the Out-Coupling of a Metal-Metal Terahertz Frequency Quantum Cascade Laser Through Integration of a Hybrid Mode Section into the Waveguide. Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, 37 (5). pp. 426-434. ISSN 1866-6892
Abstract
A hybrid mode section is integrated into the end of the metal-metal waveguide of a terahertz (THz) frequency quantum cascade laser (QCL) by removing sub-wavelength portions of the top metal layer. This allows a hybrid mode to penetrate into the air, which reduces the effective index of the mode and improves the out-coupling performance at the facet. The transmission of the hybrid section is further increased by ensuring its length fulfills the criterion for constructive interference. These simple modifications to a 2.5-THz metal-metal QCL waveguide result in a significant increase in the output emission power. In addition, simulations show that further improvements in out-coupling efficiency can be achieved for lower frequencies with effective refractive indices close to the geometric mean of the indices of the metal-metal waveguide and air.
Metadata
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Journal of Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10762-015-0239-4 | ||||||||
Keywords: | Terahertz; Hybrid waveguide; Metal-metal waveguide; Surface plasmon waveguide; Quantum cascade laser | ||||||||
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Institution: | The University of Leeds | ||||||||
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Electronic & Electrical Engineering (Leeds) > Pollard Institute (Leeds) | ||||||||
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Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications | ||||||||
Date Deposited: | 11 Feb 2016 10:17 | ||||||||
Last Modified: | 14 Apr 2017 04:28 | ||||||||
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10762-015-0239-4 | ||||||||
Status: | Published | ||||||||
Publisher: | Springer Verlag | ||||||||
Identification Number: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-015-0239-4 |