Molecular implications of HOX genes targeting multiple signaling pathways in cancer

Abstract

Homeobox (HOX) genes encode highly conserved homeotic transcription factors that play a crucial role in organogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Their deregulation impacts the function of several regulatory molecules contributing to tumor initiation and progression. A functional bridge exists between altered gene expression of individual HOX genes and tumorigenesis. This review focuses on how deregulation in the HOX-associated signaling pathways contributes to the metastatic progression in cancer. We discuss their functional significance, clinical implications and ascertain their role as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in the various cancer types. Besides, the mechanism of understanding the theoretical underpinning that affects HOX-mediated therapy resistance in cancers has been outlined. The knowledge gained shall pave the way for newer insights into the treatment of cancer.

Metadata

Authors/Creators:	Shenoy, U.S. Adiga, D. Kabekkodu, S.P. Hunter, K.D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7873-0877 Radhakrishnan, R.
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© The Author(s) 2021. Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Keywords:	HOX genes; Diagnostic and prognostic significance; Signaling pathways; Metastasis; Cancer
Dates:	Accepted: 10 September 2021 Published (online): 6 October 2021 Published: February 2022
Institution:	The University of Sheffield
Academic Units:	The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health (Sheffield) > School of Clinical Dentistry (Sheffield)
Depositing User:	Symplectic Sheffield
Date Deposited:	24 Feb 2022 15:37
Last Modified:	24 Feb 2022 15:37
Status:	Published
Publisher:	Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Refereed:	Yes
Identification Number:	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-021-09657-2

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Molecular implications of HOX genes targeting multiple signaling pathways in cancer

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