The Goddess Ops in Archaic Rome

This article analyses the evidence on the goddess Ops in Archaic Rome, focussing on her two festivals in the archaic feriale, and on her connection with the god Consus. It contends that Ops was related to a nuanced concept of abundance, which included associations with sovereignty. At the same time, it questions the theory that Ops and Consus were associated with agriculture and granaries. It also considers the developing roles of Ops in Republican Rome, to verify if, and to what extent, they show continuity with the archaic period.