Leadership in Brazilian, Singaporean and Spanish Secondary Schools: an in-depth analysis based on the 2013 TALIS

This chapter provides an overview of leadership through an international lens that focuses on gender, leadership style, school climate, and job satisfaction. We considered a secondary data source collected through the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), administered in 2013; obtaining 1,531 responses. Descriptive, inferential and correlational analyses were performed according to items analysed and the research goals. Results show that: (i) distributed leadership is used more in Brazil and instructional leadership is used Singapore; (ii) distributed leadership is significantly higher in women than men; and (iii) both distributed and instructional leadership have a positive effect on school climate and on principals’ job satisfaction. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.