2024-03-28T12:53:10Z
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/cgi/oai2
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:109
2014-06-09T15:26:00Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464350:536865666669656C642E424953:536865666669656C642E4D4242
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E524849
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/109/
Plants lacking the main light-harvesting complex retain photosystem II macro-organization
Ruban, A.V.
Wentworth, M.
Yakushevska, A.E.
Andersson, J.
Lee, P.J.
Keegstra, W.
Dekker, J.P.
Boekema, E.J.
Jansson, S.
Horton, P.
Photosystem II (PSII) is a key component of photosynthesis, the process of converting sunlight into the chemical energy of life. In plant cells, it forms a unique oligomeric macrostructure in membranes of the chloroplasts. Several light-harvesting antenna complexes are organized precisely in the PSII macrostructure—the major trimeric complexes (LHCII) that bind 70% of PSII chlorophyll and three minor monomeric complexes—which together form PSII supercomplexes. The antenna complexes are essential for collecting sunlight and regulating photosynthesis, but the relationship between these functions and their molecular architecture is unresolved. Here we report that antisense Arabidopsis plants lacking the proteins that form LHCII trimers have PSII supercomplexes with almost identical abundance and structure to those found in wild-type plants. The place of LHCII is taken by a normally minor and monomeric complex, CP26, which is synthesized in large amounts and organized into trimers. Trimerization is clearly not a specific attribute of LHCII. Our results highlight the importance of the PSII macrostructure: in the absence of one of its main components, another protein is recruited to allow it to assemble and function.
2003-02-06
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/109/1/hortonp1.pdf
Ruban, A.V., Wentworth, M., Yakushevska, A.E. et al. (7 more authors) (2003) Plants lacking the main light-harvesting complex retain photosystem II macro-organization. Nature, 421 (6923). pp. 648-652. ISSN 0028-0836
http://www.nature.com/nature
doi:10.1038/nature01344
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:110
2014-06-04T16:28:22Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464350:536865666669656C642E424953:536865666669656C642E4D4242
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E524849
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/110/
Overexpression of beta-carotene hydroxylase enhances stress tolerance in Arabidopsis
Davison, P.A.
Hunter, C.N.
Horton, P.
Plant stress caused by extreme environmental conditions is already a principal reason for yield reduction in crops. The threat of global environment change makes it increasingly important to generate crop plants that will withstand such conditions. Stress, particularly stress caused by increased sunlight, leads to the production of reactive oxygen species that cause photo-oxidative cell damage. Carotenoids, which are present in the membranes of all photosynthetic organisms, help protect against such light-dependent oxidative damage. In plants, the xanthophyll cycle (the reversible interconversion of two carotenoids, violaxanthin and zeaxanthin) has a key photoprotective role and is therefore a promising target for genetic engineering to enhance stress tolerance. Here we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana overexpression of the chyB gene that encodes -carotene hydroxylase—an enzyme in the zeaxanthin biosynthetic pathway—causes a specific twofold increase in the size of the xanthophyll cycle pool. The plants are more tolerant to conditions of high light and high temperature, as shown by reduced leaf necrosis, reduced production of the stress indicator anthocyanin and reduced lipid peroxidation. Stress protection is probably due to the function of zeaxanthin in preventing oxidative damage of membranes.
2002-07-11
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/110/1/hortonp2.pdf
Davison, P.A., Hunter, C.N. and Horton, P. (2002) Overexpression of beta-carotene hydroxylase enhances stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. Nature, 418 (6894). pp. 203-206. ISSN 0028-0836
http://www.nature.com/nature
doi:10.1038/nature00861
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:111
2014-06-05T05:28:14Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464350:536865666669656C642E43484D
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E4B4252
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/111/
Structure and catalytic mechanism of the human histone methyltransferase SET7/9
Xiao, B.
Jing, C.
Wilson, J.R.
Walker, P.A.
Vasisht, N.
Kelly, G.
Howell, S.
Taylor, I.A.
Blackburn, G.M.
Gamblin, S.J.
Acetylation, phosphorylation and methylation of the amino-terminal tails of histones are thought to be involved in the regulation of chromatin structure and function. With just one exception, the enzymes identified in the methylation of specific lysine residues on histones (histone methyltransferases) belong to the SET family. The high-resolution crystal structure of a ternary complex of human SET7/9 with a histone peptide and cofactor reveals that the peptide substrate and cofactor bind on opposite surfaces of the enzyme. The target lysine accesses the active site of the enzyme and the S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) cofactor by inserting its side chain into a narrow channel that runs through the enzyme, connecting the two surfaces. Here we show from the structure and from solution studies that SET7/9, unlike most other SET proteins, is exclusively a mono-methylase. The structure indicates the molecular basis of the specificity of the enzyme for the histone target, and allows us to propose a model for the methylation reaction that accounts for the role of many of the residues that are invariant across the SET family.
2003-02-06
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/111/1/blackburngm1.pdf
Xiao, B., Jing, C., Wilson, J.R. et al. (7 more authors) (2003) Structure and catalytic mechanism of the human histone methyltransferase SET7/9. Nature, 421 (6923). pp. 652-656. ISSN 0028-0836
http://www.nature.com/nature
doi:10.1038/nature01378
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:113
2014-06-04T08:50:10Z
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756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464350:536865666669656C642E424953:536865666669656C642E415053
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E524849
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/113/
Characteristics of C-4 photosynthesis in stems and petioles of C-3 flowering plants
Hibberd, J.M.
Quick, W.P.
Most plants are known as C-3 plants because the first product of photosynthetic CO2 fixation is a three-carbon compound. C-4 plants, which use an alternative pathway in which the first product is a four-carbon compound, have evolved independently many times and are found in at least 18 families. In addition to differences in their biochemistry, photosynthetic organs of C-4 plants show alterations in their anatomy and ultrastructure. Little is known about whether the biochemical or anatomical characteristics of C-4 photosynthesis evolved first. Here we report that tobacco, a typical C-3 plant, shows characteristics of C-4 photosynthesis in cells of stems and petioles that surround the xylem and phloem, and that these cells are supplied with carbon for photosynthesis from the vascular system and not from stomata. These photosynthetic cells possess high activities of enzymes characteristic of C-4 photosynthesis, which allow the decarboxylation of four-carbon organic acids from the xylem and phloem, thus releasing CO2 for photosynthesis. These biochemical characteristics of C-4 photosynthesis in cells around the vascular bundles of stems of C-3 plants might explain why C-4 photosynthesis has evolved independently many times.
2002-01-24
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/113/1/quickwp1.pdf
Hibberd, J.M. and Quick, W.P. (2002) Characteristics of C-4 photosynthesis in stems and petioles of C-3 flowering plants. Nature, 415 (6870). pp. 451-454. ISSN 0028-0836
http://www.nature.com/nature
doi:10.1038/415451a
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:137
2014-06-05T09:15:57Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464350:536865666669656C642E424953:536865666669656C642E415053
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E524849
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/137/
Regulation of Leaf Senescence by Cytokinin, Sugars,
and Light.
Effects on NADH-Dependent Hydroxypyruvate Reductase
Wingler, A.
von Schaewen, A.
Leegood, R.C.
Lea, P.J.
Quick, W.P.
The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between cytokinin, sugar repression, and light in the senescence-related decline in photosynthetic enzymes of leaves. In transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants that induce the production of cytokinin in senescing tissue, the age-dependent decline in NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, and other enzymes involved in photosynthetic metabolism was delayed but not prevented. Glucose (Glc) and fructose contents increased with leaf age in wild-type tobacco and, to a greater extent, in transgenic tobacco. To study whether sugar accumulation in senescing leaves can counteract the effect of cytokinin on senescence, discs of wild-type leaves were incubated with Glc and cytokinin solutions. The photorespiratory enzyme HPR declined rapidly in the presence of 20 mM Glc, especially at very low photon flux density. Although HPR protein was increased in the presence of cytokinin, cytokinin did not prevent the Glc-dependent decline. Illumination at moderate photon flux density resulted in the rapid synthesis of HPR and partially prevented the negative effect of Glc. Similar results were obtained for the photosynthetic enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. It is concluded that sugars, cytokinin, and light interact during senescence by influencing the decline in proteins involved in photosynthetic metabolism.
1998-01
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/137/1/wingler_PP_98.pdf
Wingler, A., von Schaewen, A., Leegood, R.C. et al. (2 more authors) (1998) Regulation of Leaf Senescence by Cytokinin, Sugars, and Light. Effects on NADH-Dependent Hydroxypyruvate Reductase. Plant Physiology, 116 (1). pp. 329-335. ISSN 0032-0889
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:138
2014-06-05T11:11:07Z
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756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464350:536865666669656C642E424953:536865666669656C642E415053
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E524849
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/138/
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Is Involved in the Decarboxylation of Aspartate in the Bundle Sheath of Maize
Wingler, A.
Walker, R.P.
Chen, Z.
Leegood, R.C.
We recently showed that maize (Zea mays L.) leaves contain appreciable amounts of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK; R.P. Walker, R.M. Acheson, L.I. Técsi, R.C. Leegood [1997] Aust J Plant Physiol 24: 459–468). In the present study, we investigated the role of PEPCK in C4 photosynthesis in maize. PEPCK activity and protein were enriched in extracts from bundle-sheath (BS) strands compared with whole-leaf extracts. Decarboxylation of [4-14C]aspartate (Asp) by BS strands was dependent on the presence of 2-oxoglutarate and Mn2+, was stimulated by ATP, was inhibited by the PEPCK-specific inhibitor 3-mercaptopicolinic acid, and was independent of illumination. The principal product of Asp metabolism was phosphoenolpyruvate, whereas pyruvate was a minor product. Decarboxylation of [4-14C]malate was stimulated severalfold by Asp and 3-phosphoglycerate, was only slightly reduced in the absence of Mn2+ or in the presence of 3-mercaptopicolinic acid, and was light dependent. Our data show that decarboxylation of Asp and malate in BS cells of maize occurs via two different pathways: Whereas malate is mainly decarboxylated by NADP-malic enzyme, decarboxylation of Asp is dependent on the activity of PEPCK.
1999-06
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/138/1/wingler_PP_99.pdf
Wingler, A., Walker, R.P., Chen, Z. et al. (1 more author) (1999) Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Is Involved in the Decarboxylation of Aspartate in the Bundle Sheath of Maize. Plant Physiology, 120 (2). pp. 539-546. ISSN 0032-0889
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:139
2014-06-13T21:00:39Z
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756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464350:536865666669656C642E424953:536865666669656C642E415053
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E524849
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/139/
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Assayed at Physiological Concentrations of Metal Ions Has a High Affinity for CO2
Chen, Z.
Walker, R.P.
Acheson, R.M.
Leegood, R.C.
The effect of Mn2+/Mg2+ concentration on the activity of intact, homogeneous phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) from leaves of the C4 grass, Guinea grass (Panicum maximum), have been investigated. Assay conditions were optimized so that PEPCK activity could be measured at concentrations of Mn2+/Mg2+ similar to those found in the cytosol (low micromolar Mn2+ and millimolar Mg2+). PEPCK activity was totally dependent on Mn2+ and was activated at low micromolar concentrations of Mn2+ by millimolar concentrations of Mg2+. Therefore, at physiological concentrations of Mn2+, PEPCK has a requirement for Mg2+. Assay at physiological concentrations of Mn2+/Mg2+ led to a marked decrease in its affinity for ATP and a 13-fold increase in its affinity for CO2. The Km (CO2) was further decreased by assay at physiological ATP to ADP ratios, reaching values as low as 20 μM CO2, comparable with the Km (CO2) of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase. This means that PEPCK will catalyze a reversible reaction and that it could operate as a carboxylase in vivo, a feature that could be particularly important in algal CO2-concentrating systems.
2002-01
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/139/1/chen_PP_02.pdf
Chen, Z., Walker, R.P., Acheson, R.M. et al. (1 more author) (2002) Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Assayed at Physiological Concentrations of Metal Ions Has a High Affinity for CO2. Plant Physiology, 128 (1). pp. 160-164. ISSN 0032-0889
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:140
2014-06-06T06:38:33Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464350:536865666669656C642E424953:536865666669656C642E415053
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E524849
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/140/
Effects of Phosphorylation on Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase from the C4 Plant Guinea Grass
Walker, R.P.
Chen, Z.
Acheson, R.M.
Leegood, R.C.
In the C4 plant Guinea grass (Panicum maximum), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is phosphorylated in darkened leaves and dephosphorylated in illuminated leaves. To determine whether the properties of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated PEPCK were different, PEPCK was purified to homogeneity from both illuminated and darkened leaves. The final step of the purification procedure, gel filtration chromatography, further separated phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms. In the presence of a high ratio of ATP to ADP, the non-phosphorylated enzyme had a higher affinity for its substrates, oxaloacetate and phosphoenolpyruvate. The activity of the non-phosphorylated form was up to 6-fold higher when measured at low substrate concentrations. Comparison of proteoloytically cleaved PEPCK from Guinea grass, which lacked its N-terminal extension, from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), which does not possess an N-terminal extension, and from the C4 plant Urochloa panicoides, which possesses an N-terminal extension but is not subject to phosphorylation, revealed similar properties to the non-phosphorylated full-length form from Guinea grass. Assay of PEPCK activity in crude extracts of Guinea grass leaves, showed a large difference between illuminated and darkened leaves when measured in a selective assay (a low concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate and a high ratio of ATP to ADP), but there was no difference under assay conditions used to estimate maximum activity. Immunoblots of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels showed no difference in the abundance of PEPCK protein in illuminated and darkened leaves. There were no light/dark differences in activity detected in maize (Zea mays) leaves, in which PEPCK is not subject to phosphorylation.
2002-01
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/140/1/walker_PP_02.pdf
Walker, R.P., Chen, Z., Acheson, R.M. et al. (1 more author) (2002) Effects of Phosphorylation on Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase from the C4 Plant Guinea Grass. Plant Physiology, 128 (1). pp. 165-172. ISSN 0032-0889
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:161
2014-06-18T17:24:58Z
7374617475733D707562
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756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464350:536865666669656C642E424953:536865666669656C642E415053
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E524849
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/161/
Oxygen Requirement and Inhibition of C4 Photosynthesis . An Analysis of C4 Plants Deficient in the C3 and C4 Cycles
Maroco, J.P.
Ku, M.S.B.
Lea, P.J.
Dever, L.V.
Leegood, R.C.
Furbank, R.T.
Edwards, G.E.
The basis for O2 sensitivity of C4 photosynthesis was evaluated using a C4-cycle-limited mutant of Amaranthus edulis (a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase-deficient mutant), and a C3-cycle-limited transformant of Flaveria bidentis (an antisense ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase [Rubisco] small subunit transformant). Data obtained with the C4-cycle-limited mutant showed that atmospheric levels of O2 (20 kPa) caused increased inhibition of photosynthesis as a result of higher levels of photorespiration. The optimal O2 partial pressure for photosynthesis was reduced from approximately 5 kPa O2 to 1 to 2 kPa O2, becoming similar to that of C3 plants. Therefore, the higher O2 requirement for optimal C4 photosynthesis is specifically associated with the C4 function. With the Rubisco-limited F. bidentis, there was less inhibition of photosynthesis by supraoptimal levels of O2 than in the wild type. When CO2 fixation by Rubisco is limited, an increase in the CO2 concentration in bundle-sheath cells via the C4 cycle may further reduce the oxygenase activity of Rubisco and decrease the inhibition of photosynthesis by high partial pressures of O2 while increasing CO2 leakage and overcycling of the C4 pathway. These results indicate that in C4 plants the investment in the C3 and C4 cycles must be balanced for maximum efficiency.
1998-02
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/161/1/leegoodrc3.pdf
Maroco, J.P., Ku, M.S.B., Lea, P.J. et al. (4 more authors) (1998) Oxygen Requirement and Inhibition of C4 Photosynthesis . An Analysis of C4 Plants Deficient in the C3 and C4 Cycles. Plant Physiology, 116 (2). pp. 823-832. ISSN 0032-0889
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:162
2014-06-05T05:08:13Z
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756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464350:536865666669656C642E424953:536865666669656C642E415053
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E524849
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/162/
Leaf-Atmosphere NH3 Exchange in Barley Mutants with Reduced Activities of Glutamine Synthetase
Mattsson, M.
Hausler, R.E.
Leegood, R.C.
Lea, P.J.
Schjoerring, J.K.
Mutants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Maris Mink) with 47 or 66% of the glutamine synthetase (GS) activity of the wild type were used for studies of NH3 exchange with the atmosphere. Under normal light and temperature conditions, tissue NH4+ concentrations were higher in the two mutants compared with wild-type plants, and this was accompanied by higher NH3 emission from the leaves. The emission of NH3 increased with increasing leaf temperatures in both wild-type and mutant plants, but the increase was much more pronounced in the mutants. Similar results were found when the light intensity (photosynthetic photon flux density) was increased. Compensation points for NH3 were estimated by exposing intact shoots to 10 nmol NH3 mol-1 air under conditions with increasing temperatures until the plants started to emit NH3. Referenced to 25[deg]C, the compensation points were 5.0 nmol mol-1 for wild-type plants, 8.3 nmol mol-1 for 47% GS mutants, and 11.8 nmol mol-1 for 66% GS mutants. Compensation points for NH3 in single, nonsenescent leaves were estimated on the basis of apoplastic pH and NH4+ concentrations. These values were 0.75, 3.46, and 7.72 nmol mol-1 for wild type, 47% GS mutants, and 66% GS mutants, respectively. The 66% GS mutant always showed higher tissue NH4+ concentrations, NH3 emission rates, and NH3 compensation points compared with the 47% GS mutant, indicating that NH4+ release was curtailed by some kind of compensatory mechanism in plants with only 47% GS activity
1997-08
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/162/1/leegoodrc4.pdf
Mattsson, M., Hausler, R.E., Leegood, R.C. et al. (2 more authors) (1997) Leaf-Atmosphere NH3 Exchange in Barley Mutants with Reduced Activities of Glutamine Synthetase. Plant Physiology, 114 (4). pp. 1307-1312. ISSN 0032-0889
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:163
2014-06-06T21:56:04Z
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756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464350:536865666669656C642E424953:536865666669656C642E415053
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E524849
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/163/
A spatial analysis of physiological changes associated with infection of cotyledons of marrow plants with cucumber mosaic virus
Tecsi, L.I.
Smith, A.M.
Maule, A.J.
Leegood, R.C.
Changes in host primary metabolism associated with the compatible interaction between cucumber mosaic virus and cotyledons of the marrow plant (Cucurbita pepo L.) have been localized, first by measuring activities of key enzymes in infected and uninfected regions of the cotyledon, and second by histochemical techniques applied to tissue prints of the infected region. A series of progressive metabolic changes occurs within the expanding infected lesion. Virus replication and the synthesis of viral protein at the periphery creates a strong sink demand associated with increased activities of anaplerotic enzymes, increased photosynthesis, and starch accumulation. Inside the lesion, when the synthesis of virus has declined, photosynthesis is reduced, starch is mobilized, and the emphasis of metabolism is shifted toward glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. These changes are associated spatially with the onset of chlorosis. A decrease in total protein synthesis in this inner zone could be instrumental in some or all of these changes, leading to symptoms of viral infection.
1996-08
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/163/1/leegoodrc5.pdf
Tecsi, L.I., Smith, A.M., Maule, A.J. et al. (1 more author) (1996) A spatial analysis of physiological changes associated with infection of cotyledons of marrow plants with cucumber mosaic virus. Plant Physiology, 111 (4). pp. 975-985. ISSN 0032-0889
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:164
2014-06-04T09:02:06Z
7374617475733D707562
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756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464350:536865666669656C642E424953:536865666669656C642E415053
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E524849
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/164/
Photorespiration: metabolic pathways and their role in stress protection
Wingler, A.
Lea, P.J.
Quick, W.P.
Leegood, R.C.
Photorespiration results from the oxygenase reaction catalysed by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/
oxygenase. In this reaction glycollate-2-phosphate is produced and subsequently metabolized in the
photorespiratory pathway to form the Calvin cycle intermediate glycerate-3-phosphate. During this metabolic
process, CO2 and NH3 are produced and ATP and reducing equivalents are consumed, thus
making photorespiration a wasteful process. However, precisely because of this ine¤ciency, photorespiration
could serve as an energy sink preventing the overreduction of the photosynthetic electron transport
chain and photoinhibition, especially under stress conditions that lead to reduced rates of photosynthetic
CO2 assimilation. Furthermore, photorespiration provides metabolites for other metabolic processes, e.g.
glycine for the synthesis of glutathione, which is also involved in stress protection. In this review, we
describe the use of photorespiratory mutants to study the control and regulation of photorespiratory pathways.
In addition, we discuss the possible role of photorespiration under stress conditions, such as
drought, high salt concentrations and high light intensities encountered by alpine plants.
2000-10-29
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/164/1/leegoodrc6.pdf
Wingler, A., Lea, P.J., Quick, W.P. et al. (1 more author) (2000) Photorespiration: metabolic pathways and their role in stress protection. Philosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society Of London Series B - Biological Sciences, 355 (1402). pp. 1517-1529. ISSN 0962-8436
doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0712
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:170
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/170/
Comparison of chemical clustering methods using graph- and fingerprint-based similarity measures
Raymond, J.W.
Blankley, C.J.
Willett, P.
This paper compares several published methods for clustering chemical structures, using both graph- and fingerprint-based similarity measures. The clusterings from each method were compared to determine the degree of cluster overlap. Each method was also evaluated on how well it grouped structures into clusters possessing a non-trivial substructural commonality. The methods which employ adjustable parameters were tested to determine the stability of each parameter for datasets of varying size and composition. Our experiments suggest that both graph- and fingerprint-based similarity measures can be used effectively for generating chemical clusterings; it is also suggested that the CAST and Yin–Chen methods, suggested recently for the clustering of gene expression patterns, may also prove effective for the clustering of 2D chemical structures.
2003-03
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/170/1/willettp4.pdf
Raymond, J.W., Blankley, C.J. and Willett, P. (2003) Comparison of chemical clustering methods using graph- and fingerprint-based similarity measures. Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, 21 (5). pp. 421-433. ISSN 1093-3263
http://www.elsevier.com/locate/JMGM
doi:10.1016/S1093-3263(02)00188-2
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:171
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/171/
Automatic generation of alignments for 3D QSAR analyses
Jewell, N.E.
Turner, D.B.
Willett, P.
Sexton, G.J.
Many 3D QSAR methods require the alignment of the molecules in a dataset, which can require a fair amount of manual effort in deciding upon a rational basis for the superposition. This paper describes the use of FBSS, a pro-ram for field-based similarity searching in chemical databases, for generating such alignments automatically. The CoMFA and CoMSIA experiments with several literature datasets show that the QSAR models resulting from the FBSS alignments are broadly comparable in predictive performance with the models resulting from manual alignments.
2001
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/171/1/willettp6.pdf
Jewell, N.E., Turner, D.B., Willett, P. et al. (1 more author) (2001) Automatic generation of alignments for 3D QSAR analyses. Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, 20 (2). pp. 111-121. ISSN 1093-3263
http://www.elsevier.com/locate/JMGM
doi:10.1016/S1093-3263(01)00110-3
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:172
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/172/
Effectiveness of retrieval in similarity searches of chemical databases: A review of performance measures
Edgar, S.J.
Holliday, J.D.
Willett, P.
This article reviews measures for evaluating the effectiveness of similarity searches in chemical databases, drawing principally upon the many measures that have been described previously for evaluating the performance of text search engines. The use of the various measures is exemplified by fragment-based 2D similarity searches on several databases for which both structural and bioactivity data are available. It is concluded that the cumulative recall and G-H score measures are the most useful of those tested.
2000-08
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/172/1/willettp7.pdf
Edgar, S.J., Holliday, J.D. and Willett, P. (2000) Effectiveness of retrieval in similarity searches of chemical databases: A review of performance measures. Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, 18 (4-5). pp. 343-357. ISSN 1093-3263
http://www.elsevier.com/locate/JMGM
doi:10.1016/S1093-3263(00)00061-9
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:175
2014-06-05T12:05:10Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/175/
Evaluation of the EVA Descriptor for QSAR Studies: 3. The use of a Genetic Algorithm to Search for Models with Enhanced Predictive Properties (EVA_GA)
Turner, D.B.
Willett, P.
The EVA structural descriptor, based upon calculated fundamental molecular vibrational frequencies, has proved to be an effective descriptor for both QSAR and database similarity calculations. The descriptor is sensitive to 3D structure but has an advantage over field-based 3D-QSAR methods inasmuch as structural superposition is not required. The original technique involves a standardisation method wherein uniform Gaussians of fixed standard deviation (σ) are used to smear out frequencies projected onto a linear scale. This smearing function permits the overlap of proximal frequencies and thence the extraction of a fixed dimensional descriptor regardless of the number and precise values of the frequencies. It is proposed here that there exist optimal localised values of σ in different spectral regions; that is, the overlap of frequencies using uniform Gaussians may, at certain points in the spectrum, either be insufficient to pick up relationships where they exist or mix up information to such an extent that significant correlations are obscured by noise. A genetic algorithm is used to search for optimal localised σ values using crossvalidated PLS regression scores as the fitness score to be optimised. The resultant models are then validated against a previously unseen test set of compounds. The performance of EVA_GA is compared to that of EVA and analogous CoMFA studies.
Springer Netherlands
2000-01
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/175/1/willettp8.pdf
Turner, D.B. and Willett, P. (2000) Evaluation of the EVA Descriptor for QSAR Studies: 3. The use of a Genetic Algorithm to Search for Models with Enhanced Predictive Properties (EVA_GA). Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, 14 (1). pp. 1-21. ISSN 1573-4951
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008180020974
doi:10.1023/A:1008180020974
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:214
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/214/
Phosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in plants. Studies in plants with C4 photosynthesis and Crassulacean acid metabolism and in germinating seeds
Walker, R.P.
Leegood, R.C.
We have previously shown that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is phosphorylated in vivo in the cotyledons of darkened cucumber seedlings and that phosphorylation is reversed by light [Walker and Leegood (1995) FEBS Lett. 362, 70–74]. In this study the molecular mass of PEPCK was estimated in a range of gluconeogenic seedlings and in leaves of C4 plants and plants with Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Phosphorylation of PEPCK was studied in these plants by feeding tissues with [32P]Pi and assessing phosphorylation by SDS/PAGE and autoradiography of either total proteins or of immunoprecipitated protein. In gluconeogenic seedlings and most CAM plants PEPCK had a molecular mass of 74 kDa, whereas in C4 grasses the molecular mass of PEPCK was always smaller and varied from 67–71 kDa. In all gluconeogenic seedlings and leaves of CAM plants PEPCK was phosphorylated, but it was not phosphorylated in all species of C4 grasses studied. In CAM plants, phosphorylation of PEPCK occurred at night and dephosphorylation occurred during the day. In C4 grasses phosphorylation occurred when leaves were darkened and the enzyme was dephosphorylated following illumination, but it was only phosphorylated in those plants with larger (71 kDa) molecular mass forms of PEPCK.
1996-08-01
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/214/1/leegoodrc9.pdf
Walker, R.P. and Leegood, R.C. (1996) Phosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in plants. Studies in plants with C4 photosynthesis and Crassulacean acid metabolism and in germinating seeds. Biochemical Journal, 317 (3). pp. 653-658. ISSN 1470-8728
http://www.biochemj.org/
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:269
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/269/
Cost effectiveness of a community based exercise programme in over 65 year olds: cluster randomised trial
Munro, J.F.
Nicholl, J.P.
Brazier, J.E.
Davey, R.
Cochrane, T.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost effectiveness of a community based exercise programme as a population
wide public health intervention for older adults.
DESIGN: Pragmatic, cluster randomised community intervention trial.
Setting: 12 general practices in Sheffield; four randomly selected as intervention populations, and eight as
control populations.
PARTICIPANTS: All those aged 65 and over in the least active four fifths of the population responding to a
baseline survey. There were 2283 eligible participants from intervention practices and 4137 from control
practices.
INTERVENTION: Eligible subjects were invited to free locally held exercise classes, made available for two
years.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All cause and exercise related cause specific mortality and hospital service use
at two years, and health status assessed at baseline, one, and two years using the SF-36. A cost utility
analysis was also undertaken.
RESULTS: Twenty six per cent of the eligible intervention practice population attended one or more exercise
sessions. There were no significant differences in mortality rates, survival times, or admissions. After
adjusting for baseline characteristics, patients in intervention practices had a lower decline in health status,
although this reached significance only for the energy dimension and two composite scores (p,0.05). The
incremental average QALY gain of 0.011 per person in the intervention population resulted in an
incremental cost per QALY ratio of J17 174 (95% CI =J8300 to J87 120).
CONCLUSIONS: Despite a low level of adherence to the exercise programme, there were significant gains in
health related quality of life. The programme was more cost effective than many existing medical
interventions, and would be practical for primary care commissioning agencies to implement.
2004-12
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/269/1/brazierje4.pdf
Munro, J.F., Nicholl, J.P., Brazier, J.E. et al. (2 more authors) (2004) Cost effectiveness of a community based exercise programme in over 65 year olds: cluster randomised trial. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 58 (12). pp. 1004-1010. ISSN 1470-2738
http://www.jech.com/
doi:10.1136/jech.2003.014225
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/384/
Surface topography of hydroxyapatite affects ROS17/2.8 cells response
Rosa, A.L.
Beloti, M.M.
van Noort, R.
Hatton, P.V.
Devlin, A.J.
Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been used in orthopedic, dental, and maxillofacial surgery as a bone substitute.
The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of surface topography produced by the presence of microporosity on cell response, evaluating: cell attachment, cell morphology, cell proliferation, total protein content, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. HA discs with different percentages of microporosity (< 5%, 15%, and 30%) were confected by means of the combination of uniaxial powder pressing and different sintering conditions. ROS17/2.8 cells were cultured
on HA discs. For the evaluation of attachment, cells were cultured for two hours. Cell morphology was evaluated
after seven days. After seven and fourteen days, cell proliferation, total protein content, and ALP activity were measured. Data were compared by means of ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test, when appropriate. Cell attachment (p = 0.11) and total protein content (p = 0.31) were not affected by surface topography. Proliferation after 7 and 14 days (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.003, respectively), and ALP activity (p = 0.0007) were both significantly decreased by the most irregular surface (HA30). These results suggest that initial cell events were not affected by surface topography, while surfaces with more regular topography, as those present in HA with 15% or less of microporosity, favored intermediary and final events such as cell proliferation and ALP activity.
2002-07
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/384/1/vanNoortr1.pdf
Rosa, A.L., Beloti, M.M., van Noort, R. et al. (2 more authors) (2002) Surface topography of hydroxyapatite affects ROS17/2.8 cells response. Pesqui Odontol Bras, 16 (3). pp. 209-215. ISSN 1517-7491
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:440
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/440/
Localization of the Functional Domains of Human Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-3 and the Effects of a Sorsby's Fundus Dystrophy Mutation
Langton, K.P.
Barker, M.D.
McKie, N.
A transient COS-7 cell expression system was used to
investigate the functional domain arrangement of tissue
inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3), specifically
to assess the contribution of the amino- and carboxylterminal
domains of the molecule to its matrix metalloproteinase
(MMP) inhibitory and extracellular matrix
(ECM) binding properties. Wild type TIMP-3 was entirely
localized to the ECM in both its glycosylated (27
kDa) and unglycosylated (24 kDa) forms. A COOH-terminally
truncated TIMP-3 molecule was found to be a non-
ECM bound MMP inhibitor, whereas a chimeric TIMP
molecule, consisting of the NH2-terminal domain of
TIMP-2 fused to the COOH-terminal domain of TIMP-3,
displayed ECM binding, albeit with a lower affinity than
the wild type TIMP-3 molecule. Thus the functional domain
arrangement of TIMP-3 is analogous to that seen in
TIMP-1 and -2, namely that the NH2-terminal domain is
responsible for MMP inhibition whereas the COOH-terminal
domain is most important in mediating the specific
functions of the molecule. A mutant TIMP-3 in
which serine 181 was changed to a cysteine, found in
Sorsby’s fundus dystrophy, a hereditary macular degenerative
disease, was also expressed in COS-7 cells. This
gave rise to an additional 48-kDa species (possibly a
TIMP-3 dimer) that retained its ability to inhibit MMPs
and localize to the ECM. These data favor the hypothesis
that the TIMP-3 mutations seen in Sorsby’s fundus dystrophy
contribute to disease progression by accumulation
of mutant protein rather than by the loss of functional
TIMP-3.
1998-07-03
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/440/1/barkermd3.pdf
Langton, K.P., Barker, M.D. and McKie, N. (1998) Localization of the Functional Domains of Human Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-3 and the Effects of a Sorsby's Fundus Dystrophy Mutation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 273 (27). pp. 16778-16781. ISSN 0021-9258
http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/273/27/16778/
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:441
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/441/
Homodimerization via a Leucine Zipper Motif Is Required for Enzymatic Activity of Quiescent Cell Proline Dipeptidase
Chiravuri, M.
Lee, H.
Mathieu, S.L.
Huber, B.T.
Quiescent cell proline dipeptidase (QPP) is an intracellular serine protease that is also secreted upon cellular activation. This enzyme cleaves N-terminal Xaa-Pro dipeptides from proteins, an unusual substrate specificity shared with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPPIV). QPP is a 58-kDa protein that elutes as a 120-130-kDa species from gel filtration, indicating that it forms a homodimer. We analyzed this dimerization with in vivo co-immunoprecipitation assays. The amino acid sequence of QPP revealed a putative leucine zipper motif, and mutational analyses indicated that this leucine zipper is required for homodimerization. The leucine zipper mutants showed a complete lack of enzymatic activity, suggesting that homodimerization is important for QPP function. On the other hand, an enzyme active site mutant retained its ability to homodimerize. These data are the first to demonstrate a role for a leucine zipper motif in a proteolytic enzyme and suggest that leucine zipper motifs play a role in mediating dimerization of a diverse array of proteins.
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
2000-09
Article
PeerReviewed
Chiravuri, M., Lee, H., Mathieu, S.L. et al. (1 more author) (2000) Homodimerization via a Leucine Zipper Motif Is Required for Enzymatic Activity of Quiescent Cell Proline Dipeptidase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 275 (35). pp. 26994-26999. ISSN 1083-351X
http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M005445200
doi:10.1074/jbc.M005445200
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:444
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/444/
Integrating community pharmacy and NHS Direct - pharmacists' views
Knowles, E.
Munro, J.F.
O'Cathain, A.
Nicholl, J.P.
AIM:To establish the views of community pharmacists on NHS Direct and its forthcoming integration with community pharmacy.
DESIGN: Postal questionnaire survey.
SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Pharmacists working in community pharmacies within the area of the NHS Direct Pharmacy pilot scheme - Essex, Barking and Havering.
RESULTS: The response rate to the postal survey was 72% (263/364). Most pharmacies were generally supportive of NHS Direct (80%) and the pharmacy scheme in principle (83%), although their experience of the scheme in practice was limited. Perhaps because of this, the majority of pharmacists were unsure as to whether NHS Direct was referring appropriately, or whether the pharmacy would be able to meet the needs of patients without further referral. Almost half believed that patients referred by NHS Direct should be seen in a quiet area, away from the counter. Over two-thirds of pharmacists were willing to accommodate an NHS Direct information point in their pharmacy, although space was an issue.
CONCLUSION: Overall the results of this study suggested that community pharmacists welcome their increasing involvement in the developing immediate care system. As the Government commitment in the NHS plan to integrate community pharmacy with NHS Direct becomes a reality across England and Wales over coming months the implications for pharmacists, in terms of workload and the adequacy of premises, will become clearer. Careful audit of the operation of the scheme will be essential.
2002-05-04
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/444/1/munrojf8.pdf
Knowles, E., Munro, J.F., O'Cathain, A. et al. (1 more author) (2002) Integrating community pharmacy and NHS Direct - pharmacists' views. The Pharmaceutical Journal, 268 (7196). pp. 621-623. ISSN 0031-6873
http://www.pharmj.com/
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/501/
Characterization of high-fracture toughness K-fluorrichterite-fluorapatite glass ceramics
Mirsaneh, M.
Reaney, I.M.
Hatton, P.V.
James, P.F.
Stoichiometric K-fluorrichterite (Glass A) and the same composition with 2 mol% P2O5 added (Glass B) were prepared and then heat-treated isothermally from 550°1000°C with 50°C intervals. Samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biaxial flexural strength and indentation fracture toughness of heat-treated glass specimens were also determined for both materials. XRD traces and TEM images showed similar phase evolution and fine microstructures for both systems at ≤950°C, with mica and diopside reacting with residual glass to form K-fluorrichterite as the temperature was increased from 650°C. However, in Glass B, fluorapatite was also present at >800°C. In contrast, coarser microstructures were observed at 1000°C, with larger K-fluorrichterite (20 μm) and enstatite (10 μm) crystals in Glasses A and B, respectively. The highest fracture toughness (2.69 ± 0.01 MPa·m(1/2)) and biaxial strength (242.6 ± 3.6 MPa) were recorded for Glass B heat-treated at 1000°C. This was attributed to the presence of enstatite coupled with an interlocked lath-like crystalline microstructure.
2004-02
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/501/1/hattonpv2.pdf
Mirsaneh, M., Reaney, I.M., Hatton, P.V. et al. (1 more author) (2004) Characterization of high-fracture toughness K-fluorrichterite-fluorapatite glass ceramics. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 87 (2). pp. 240-246. ISSN 0002-7820
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0002-7820
doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.00240.x
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:556
2014-06-04T23:24:31Z
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756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E4D4352
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/556/
Nurses' views of using computerized decision support software in NHS Direct
O'Cathain, A.
Sampson, F.C.
Munro, J.F.
Thomas, K.J.
Nicholl, J.P.
Background. Nurses working in NHS Direct, the 24-hour telephone advice line in England, use computerized decision support software to recommend to callers the most appropriate service to contact, or to advise on self-care.
Aims. To explore nurses' views of their roles and the computerized decision support software in NHS Direct.
Methods. Qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with 24 NHS Direct nurses in 12 sites.
Findings. Nurses described both the software and themselves as essential to the clinical decision-making process. The software acted as safety net, provider of consistency, and provider of script, and was relied upon more when nurses did not have clinical knowledge relevant to the call. The nurse handled problems not covered by the software, probed patients for the appropriate information to enter into the software, and interpreted software recommendations in the light of contextual information which the software was unable to use. Nurses described a dual process of decision-making, with the nurse as active decision maker looking for consensus with the software recommendation and ready to override recommendations made by the software if necessary. However, nurses' accounts of the software as a guide, prompt or support did not fully acknowledge the power of the software, which they are required to use, and the recommendation of which they are required to follow under some management policies. Over time, the influence of nurse and software merges as nurses internalize the software script as their own knowledge, and navigate the software to produce recommendations that they feel are most appropriate.
Conclusions. The nurse and the software have distinct roles in NHS Direct, although the effect of each on the clinical decision-making process may be difficult to determine in practice.
2004-02
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/556/1/munrojf9.pdf
O'Cathain, A., Sampson, F.C., Munro, J.F. et al. (2 more authors) (2004) Nurses' views of using computerized decision support software in NHS Direct. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 45 (3). pp. 280-286. ISSN 1365-2648
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02894.x
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02894.x
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:600
2014-06-04T08:48:30Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/600/
Walk-in centres in primary care: a review of the international literature
Salisbury, C.
Munro, J.
Nurse-led walk-in centres were first announced in April 1999.
They represent a new development in unscheduled care provision
in the United Kingdom (UK) National Health Service (NHS). By
the end of 2000, 40 NHS walk-in centres had been opened, with
further centres recently announced. This paper aims to review
international experience with walk-in centres in primary and
emergency care and identify relevant lessons for the UK.
This study is a systematic review, with qualitative synthesis of
relevant findings. Studies were identified from seven major bibliographic
databases using a sensitive search strategy, and 244
relevant documents relating to walk-in or ‘ambulatory care’ centres
were identified. Users of walk-in centres in other countries
tend to be a relatively affluent population of working age, and a
different population from those using conventional general practice
services. Walk-in centres are used particularly when other
health services are closed. The problems presented are mainly
minor illnesses and minor injuries. People choose this form of
care mainly for reasons of convenience, and satisfaction with the
service is generally high. The very limited evidence available suggests
that walk-in centres provide care of reasonable quality, but
there is insufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions about the
impact of walk-in centres on other healthcare services or the
costs of such care.
Although a number of countries have had a long experience of
walk-in centres, the lack of reliable evidence on many of the most
important issues is notable. In the NHS, walk-in centres represent
a radically innovative attempt to improve access to health
care, but the limited research available does little to inform their
development. Important questions that need to be addressed
include whether walk-in centres do improve access to care, for
whom, and at what overall cost.
2003-01-01
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/600/1/munroj10.pdf
Salisbury, C. and Munro, J. (2003) Walk-in centres in primary care: a review of the international literature. British Journal of General Practice, 53 (486). pp. 53-59. ISSN 0960-1643
http://www.rcgp.org.uk/journal/
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:815
2014-06-06T21:51:35Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/815/
High-performance three-layer 1.3-/spl mu/m InAs-GaAs quantum-dot lasers with very low continuous-wave room-temperature threshold currents
Liu, H.Y.
Childs, D.T.
Badcock, T.J.
Groom, K.M.
Sellers, I.R.
Hopkinson, M.
Hogg, R.A.
Robbins, D.J.
Mowbray, D.J.
Skolnick, M.S.
The combination of high-growth-temperature GaAs spacer layers and high-reflectivity (HR)-coated facets has been utilized to obtain low threshold currents and threshold current densities for 1.3-/spl mu/m multilayer InAs-GaAs quantum-dot lasers. A very low continuous-wave (CW) room-temperature threshold current of 1.5 mA and a threshold current density of 18.8 A/cm/sup 2/ are achieved for a three-layer device with a 1-mm HR/HR cavity. For a 2-mm cavity, the CW threshold current density is as low as 17 A/cm/sup 2/ for an HR/HR device. An output power as high as 100 mW is obtained for a device with HR/cleaved facets.
2005-06
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/815/1/mowbraydj1.pdf
Liu, H.Y., Childs, D.T., Badcock, T.J. et al. (7 more authors) (2005) High-performance three-layer 1.3-/spl mu/m InAs-GaAs quantum-dot lasers with very low continuous-wave room-temperature threshold currents. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 17 (6). pp. 1139-1141. ISSN 1041-1135
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2005.846948
doi:10.1109/LPT.2005.846948
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:816
2014-06-08T05:49:41Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/816/
Improved Temperature Performance of 1.31-mu/m Quantum Dot Lasers by Optimized Ridge Waveguide Design
Ray, S.K.
Groom, K.M.
Hogg, R.A.
Liu, H.Y.
Hopkinson, M.
Badcock, T.
Mowbray, D.J.
Skolnick, M.S.
In this letter, we demonstrate the importance of the fabricated device structure for the external differential efficiency, threshold current density, and maximum operating temperature for ground state operation of a 1.31-mu/m quantum dot laser. The introduction of a shallow ridge etch design and selective electroplating of the gold bondpads is demonstrated to offer improved performance in comparison to a deep ridge etch design with thinner evaporated gold bondpads.
2005-09
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/816/1/mowbraydj2.pdf
Ray, S.K., Groom, K.M., Hogg, R.A. et al. (5 more authors) (2005) Improved Temperature Performance of 1.31-mu/m Quantum Dot Lasers by Optimized Ridge Waveguide Design. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 17 (9). pp. 1785-1787. ISSN 1041-1135
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2005.853530
doi:10.1109/LPT.2005.853530
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:817
2014-06-08T18:14:19Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/817/
The role of high growth temperature GaAs spacer layers in 1.3-/spl mu/m In(Ga)As quantum-dot lasers
Walker, C.L.
Sandall, I.C.
Smowton, P.M.
Sellers, I.R.
Mowbray, D.J.
Liu, H.Y.
Hopkinson, M.
We investigate the mechanisms by which high growth temperature spacer layers (HGTSLs) reduce the threshold current of 1.3-/spl mu/m emitting multilayer quantum-dot lasers. Measured optical loss and gain spectra are used to characterize samples that are nominally identical except for the HGTSL. We find that the use of the HGTSL leads to the internal optical mode loss being reduced from 15 /spl plusmn/ 2 to 3.5 /spl plusmn/ 2 cm/sup -1/, better defined absorption features, and more absorption at the ground state resulting from reduced inhomogenous broadening and a greater dot density. These characteristics, together with a reduced defect density, lead to greater modal gain at a given current density.
2005-10
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/817/1/mowbraydj3.pdf
Walker, C.L., Sandall, I.C., Smowton, P.M. et al. (4 more authors) (2005) The role of high growth temperature GaAs spacer layers in 1.3-/spl mu/m In(Ga)As quantum-dot lasers. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 17 (10). pp. 2011-2013. ISSN 1041-1135
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2005.854393
doi:10.1109/LPT.2005.854393
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:937
2014-06-11T16:49:49Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/937/
Textual Analysis of English Quack Doctor Plays: Some New Discoveries
Millington, Peter
Many questions remain regarding the actual origins of English Quack Doctor plays now that pre-Shakespearean theories of origin have collapsed. While it seems likely that the plays were added to pre-existing house-visiting customs in the early- to mid-18th century, and that they were influenced by contemporary theatrical conventions, the ultimate source for the texts is still unknown.
With few notable exceptions, there has been a marked reluctance to analyse the texts of English folk plays. Partly this has been because key scholars believed the “actions” of the plays to pre-eminent and the texts to be irrelevant and partly because of the daunting enormity of the task. This paper breaks the impasse by reporting major analyses of the large collection of texts that are available online at www.folkplay.info. These have been done with the assistance of graphical methods and computerised techniques such as cluster analysis.
There are three main results. Firstly, evidence is presented for a single proto-text that was ancestral to all versions. The lines that this proto-text probably contained have been identified, and assembled into an initial tentative reconstruction. Secondly, the analyses yield a new classification for the plays that both confirms and extends the earlier schemes, but under two principal classes rather than three. The Hero-Combat Plays are divided into seven subclasses, of which one comprises the Sword Dance Plays that were previously regarded as distinct. The Plough Plays are divided into two subclasses – the Multiple Wooing Plays and the Recruiting Sergeant Plays. Lastly, the evolutionary relationships between the various classes are considered, which lead to a proposed genealogy of the plays.
Traditional Drama Research Group
Cass, Eddie
Millington, Peter
2003
Book Section
NonPeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/937/1/Millington2002.pdf
Millington, Peter (2003) Textual Analysis of English Quack Doctor Plays: Some New Discoveries. In: Cass, Eddie and Millington, Peter, (eds.) Folk Drama Studies Today: The International Traditional Drama Conference 2002. Traditional Drama Research Group , Sheffield, UK , pp. 97-132. ISBN 0 9508152 3 3
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1004
2014-06-05T10:48:22Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1004/
Are older people at risk of sexually transmitted infections? A new look at the evidence
Gott, M.
Two policy documents were published by the UK Department of Health in 2001 which established the service development agendas for their respective areas over the coming years. The National Service Framework (NSF) for Older People sets out national standards for ‘better, fairer and more integrated health and social care services for older people’ and ‘addresses conditions significant to older ages’ to promote ‘active and healthy aging’. The National Sexual Health Strategy identifies ways to ensure that that the sexual health of the UK population is maximized, predicated on the grounds that ‘our sexual health affects our physical and psychological well-being and is central to some of the most important and lasting relationships in our lives’. What is striking, if perhaps ultimately unsurprising, is that there is no overlap between the documents. The NSF for Older People makes no reference to sexuality or sexual health issues, and the National Sexual Health Strategy makes no reference to older people and, indeed, explicitly focuses on younger people, particularly through linking the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with the reduction in teenage pregnancies.
2004-02
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1004/1/gottm1.pdf
Gott, M. (2004) Are older people at risk of sexually transmitted infections? A new look at the evidence. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 14 (1). pp. 5-13. ISSN 1469-9036
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S095925980400125X
doi:10.1017/S095925980400125X
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1067
2014-06-06T08:23:24Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1067/
Aeolianite and barrier dune construction spanning the last two glacial-interglacial cycles from the southern Cape coast, South Africa
Bateman, M.D.
Holmes, P.J.
Carr, A.S.
Horton, B.P.
Jaiswal, M.K.
The southern Cape region of South Africa has extensive coastal aeolianites and barrier dunes. Whilst previously reported, limited knowledge of their age has precluded an understanding of their relationship with the climatic and sea-level fluctuations that have taken place during the Late Quaternary. Sedimentological and geomorphological studies combined with an optical dating programme reveal aeolianite development and barrier dune construction spanning at least the last two glacial–interglacial cycles. Aeolianite deposition has occurred on the southern Cape coast at ca 67–80, 88–90, 104–128, 160–189 and >200 ka before the present. Using this and other published data coupled with a better understanding of Late Quaternary sea-level fluctuations and palaeocoastline configurations, it is concluded that these depositional phases appear to be controlled by interglacial and subsequent interstadial sea-level high stands. These marine transgressions and regressions allowed onshore carbonate-rich sediment movement and subsequent aeolian reworking to occur at similar points in the landscape on a number of occasions. The lack of carbonates in more recent dunes (Oxygen Isotope Stages 1/2 and 4/5) is attributed not to leaching but to changes to carbonate production in the sediment source area caused by increased terrigenous material and/or changes in the balance between the warm Agulhas and nutrient-rich Benguela ocean currents
2004-07
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1067/1/Bateman_et_al_2004_author_version.pdf
Bateman, M.D., Holmes, P.J., Carr, A.S. et al. (2 more authors) (2004) Aeolianite and barrier dune construction spanning the last two glacial-interglacial cycles from the southern Cape coast, South Africa. Quaternary Science Reviews, 23 (14-15). pp. 1681-1698. ISSN 0277-3791
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.02.001
doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.02.001
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1071
2014-06-07T01:22:50Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1071/
Extending the aridity record of the Southwest Kalahari: current problems and future perspectives
Bateman, M.D.
Thomas, D.S.G.
Singhvi, A.K.
An extensive luminescence-based chronological framework has allowed the reconstruction of expansions and contractions of the Kalahari Desert over the last 50 ka. However, this chronology is largely based on near-surface pits and sediment exposures. These are the points on the landscape most prone to reactivation and resetting of the luminescence dating ‘clock’. This is proving to be a limiting feature for extending palaeoenvironmental reconstructions further back in time. One way to obviate this is to sample desert marginal areas that only become active during significant arid phases. An alternative is to find and sample deep stratigraphic exposures. The Mamatwan manganese mine at Hotazel in the SW Kalahari meets both these criteria. Luminescence dating of this site shows the upper sedimentary unit to span at least the last 60 ka with tentative age estimates from underlying cemented aeolian units dating back to the last interglacial and beyond. Results from Mamatwan are comparable to new and previously published data from linear dunes in the SW Kalahari but extend back much further. Analysis of the entire data set of luminescence ages for the SW Kalahari brings out important inferences that suggest that different aeolian forms (1) have been active over different time scales in the past, (2) have different sensitivities to environmental changes and (3) have different time scales over which they record and preserve the palaeoenvironmental record. This implies that future optically stimulated luminescence work and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions must consider both site location and its relationship to desert margins and sediment depositional styles, so that the resolution and duration of the aridity record can be optimally understood.
2003
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1071/1/Bateman_et_al_2003_author_version__mamatwan.pdf
Bateman, M.D., Thomas, D.S.G. and Singhvi, A.K. (2003) Extending the aridity record of the Southwest Kalahari: current problems and future perspectives. Quaternary International, 111 (1). pp. 37-49. ISSN 1040-6182
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(03)00013-2
doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(03)00013-2
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1080
2014-06-06T04:36:31Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1080/
Age as a determinant of nutritional status: A cross sectional study
Forster, S.
Gariballa, S.
Background
Undenutrition is known to be prevalent and largely unrecognised in older patients; however, aberrations in indicators of nutritional status may simply reflect effects of age and/or functional disability.
Objective
The aim of this study was to measure the effect, if any of age on nutritional status in older patients.
Design
445 randomly selected hospitalised patients consented to nutritional status assessment derived from anthropometric, haematological, and biochemical data within 72 hours of admission. Nutritional status was compared between those age < 75 years and those aged 75 years or more. Using multiple regression models, we measured the association between age and nutritional assessment variables after adjusting for disability, chronic illness, medications, smoking and tissue inflammation.
Results
Body weight, body mass index, mid-upper arm circumference, haemoglobin, serum albumin and plasma ascorbic acid were all significantly lower in people aged ≥ 75 years compared with those < 75 years of age. Although riboflavin (vitamin B2), 25OH VitD3, red-cell folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were lower in those aged ≥ 75 years, differences were not statistically significant. After adjusting for disability and co-morbidity in a multivariate analysis, age alone had a significant and independent effect on important anthropometric and biochemical nutritional assessment variables.
Conclusion
Increasing age is independently associated with poor nutritional status. This may partly explain the poor clinical outcome in older patients.
2005-10-27
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1080/1/bmc_1475-2891-4-28.pdf
Forster, S. and Gariballa, S. (2005) Age as a determinant of nutritional status: A cross sectional study. Nutrition Journal, 441 (28). ISSN 1475-2891
http://www.nutritionj.com/content/4/1/28
doi:10.1186/1475-2891-4-28
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1107
2014-06-05T21:10:32Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1107/
Le marrisme et l’héritage de la Völkerpsychologie dans la linguistique soviétique
Brandist, C.
La «Nouvelle théorie du langage» était un ensemble intellectuel éclectique,
dans lequel plusieurs thèmes dominants de la philologie russe du XIXème
siècle était greffés sur des formules marxistes de surface. Cet article fait remonter les principes du marrisme à la Völkerpsychologie allemande de Steinthal et Lazarus, qui considérait la langue et le mythe comme l'expression de «l'âme du peuple». La Völkerpsychologie dominait la philologie russe pré-révolutionnaire, mais fut obligée
de battre en retraite dans la période qui suivit immédiatement la Révolution. En
son lieu et place, c'est une théorie du langage à la fois sociologique et protopragmatique
qui fut progressivement mise en place. Marr essaya de marrier les
deux courants en remplaçant la catégorie de nation (narod, Volk) par celle de
classe, ce faisant, il réhabilitait le courant précédent. Les successeurs de Marr prolongèrent
cette tentative. Après le rejet des idées marristes en 1950, cette façon
d'envisager les choses se perpétua, à ceci près que la centralité de la classe fut à
nouveau remplacée par celle de nation.
Université de Lausanne
Sériot, P.
2005
Book Section
NonPeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1107/1/brandistc1_Marr%28French%29PI%5B1%5D.pdf
Brandist, C. (2005) Le marrisme et l’héritage de la Völkerpsychologie dans la linguistique soviétique. In: Sériot, P., (ed.) Un paradigme perdu : la linguistique marriste. Cahiers de l’ILSL (20). Université de Lausanne , pp. 29-56.
http://www2.unil.ch/slav/ling/recherche/biblio/05MarrCB/sommaire.html
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1108
2014-06-04T10:27:48Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1108/
Bakhtine, la sociologie du langage et le roman
Brandist, C.
Le travail de Bakhtine sur le roman dans les années 1930 a généralement
été vu comme opposé aux tendances dominantes de la pensée sovietique de
l'époque, ou même comme une subversion de cette pensée. Cette impression
est fallacieuse, car, à la suite de son arrestation en 1929, Bakhtine a
subi une perestroïka intellectuelle», en tous points aussi profonde que
celle de nombre de ses contemporains. Il a, en effet, adopté les points fondamentaux
du programme marriste, et fait de nombreux emprunts au travail
d'intellectuels soviétiques influents. Il n'y a guère de raisons de soupçonner
la sincérité de cette réorientation, même si Bakhtine fait subir à ces
idées des ajustements très particuliers. Son travail des années 1930 devrait
être considéré plutôt comme une contribution à la science soviétique que
comme le renversement de ses principes de base, et ses idées sur la langue
et la société comme beaucoup moins originales qu'elles ne le paraissaient
autrefois. Si l'on veut chercher l'originalité des articles de Bakhtine des
années 1930, c'est ailleurs qu'on va la trouver, dans la façon dont il a intégré la socioiinguistique soviétique naissante à la théorie du roman.
Université de Lausanne
Sériot, P.
2003
Book Section
NonPeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1108/1/brandistc2_Bakhtin_%26_Iakubinskii_%28Fr_%29%5B1%5D.pdf
Brandist, C. (2003) Bakhtine, la sociologie du langage et le roman. In: Sériot, P., (ed.) Le discours sur la langue en URSS à l'époque stalinienne (épistémologie, philosophie, idéologie). Cahiers de l’ILSL (14). Université de Lausanne , pp. 59-83.
http://www.unil.ch/ling/page10111.html
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1115
2014-06-06T00:05:23Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1115/
Mikhail Bakhtin and early Soviet sociolinguistics
Brandist, C.
[FIRST PARAGRAPH]
Mikhail Bakhtin’s essays on the novel of the 1930s are perhaps his mot original, influential and valuable contributions to the study of European language and literature. The terms and limits of that originally have, however, seldom been systematically analysed, with most commentators content to admire the bold interweaving of sociolinguistic and literary themes which we find in these essays. The sources of Bakhtin’s ideas about the novel have been gradually coming into focus since the 1980s, but the sources of the sociolinguistic ideas embedded in these works have remained unexplored, perhaps because it is generally assumed the idea follow on from those delineated in Valentin Voloshinov’s 1929 book Marxism and the Philosophy of Language, which has often been ascribed to Bakhtin himself. There is, however, a qualitative difference between the linguistic ideas in Voloshinov’s texts and those in Bakhtin’s essays of the 1930s, not least the discussion of the historical development of language and discursive relations within society and the modelling of these features in the novel as a genre. While Voloshinov’s work facilitated the transformation of Bakhtin’s early phenomenology of intersubjectivity into the account of discursive relations we find in the latter’s 1929 Dostoevskii book, both works present largely synchronic analyses quite distinct from that found in the 1934 essay. Voloshinov succeeded in transforming Bakhtin’s early ‘philosophy of the act’ and aesthetic activity into discursive terms largely through his adoption of Karl Buhler’s ‘organon model’ of the ‘speech event’ or ‘speech act’, but this left the static phenomenology of the earlier work intact. Similarly, Voloshinov and Medvedev managed to recast Bakhtin’s early account of worldview into discursive terms by adopting and sociologising the notion of style found in works by Leo Spitzer and Oskar Walzel, but again the systematic transformations of the discursive environment remained beyond the purview of the Bakhtin Circle. Where, then, did Bakhtin, from 1929 exiled in a small Kazakh town where there was very limited access to books and little contact with his erstwhile colleagues, derive the historical and sociolinguistic ideas that pervade these works?
Universidade Federal do Paraná
Faraco, C.A.
de Castro, G.
Merkle, L.E.
2004
Book Section
NonPeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1115/1/brandistc3_p145_brandist_craig.pdf
Brandist, C. (2004) Mikhail Bakhtin and early Soviet sociolinguistics. In: Faraco, C.A., de Castro, G. and Merkle, L.E., (eds.) Proceedings of the Eleventh International Bakhtin Conference. Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba (Brazil) , pp. 145-153. ISBN 859043981X
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1127
2014-06-04T08:04:20Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1127/
Le motif syncrétique dans les théories grammaticales de Marr : sources, parallèles et perspectives
Chown, E.
L'idée que des langues non apparentées pourraient fusionner en une langue du futur unique est l'une des idées-clés de Marr témoignant de son rejet de la tradition indo-européaniste. Mais une analyse plus précise des travaux linguistiques de Marr révèle que cette idée contredit non seulement les conceptions de ses opposants, mais aussi le principe essentiel de sa propre théorie glottogonique, selon laquelle une langue se développe à partir d'un état diffus (diffuznost') et syncrétique vers une spécialisation, d'un état commun vers la diversité. Ce principe est applicable à une langue considérée comme un tout, comme une partie originelle d'un acte magique syncrétique, comme le sont la danse, le chant et la musique; mais il s'applique aussi à tous les constituants de la langue, tels que la phonétique, le lexique et la grammaire. Appliqué à l'étude de la grammaire, ce principe permet à Marr de se départir de l'approche structurale et de promouvoir sa propre conception de la syntaxe et de la morphologie reconnaissant le rôle prédominant du contenu sur la forme (une approche par le contenu). Bien que critiquées pour avoir réduit le statut de la morphologie à un simple moyen auxiliaire de l'expression formelle, les conceptions de Marr promurent activement les principes de la grammaire fonctionnelle toute récente et offrirent une nouvelle solution pour dépasser l'atomisme et la rigidité du structuralisme.
Université de Lausanne
Sériot, P.
2005
Book Section
NonPeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1127/1/chowneb1_Marr1%5B1%5D.pdf
Chown, E. (2005) Le motif syncrétique dans les théories grammaticales de Marr : sources, parallèles et perspectives. In: Sériot, P., (ed.) Un paradigme perdu: la linguistique marriste. Cahiers de l’ILSL (20). Université de Lausanne , pp. 77-88.
http://www2.unil.ch/slav/ling/recherche/biblio/05MarrCB/sommaire.html
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1204
2014-06-08T19:14:32Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1204/
'Plough Bullocks' and Related Plough Monday Customs in the Nottingham Area, 1800-1930
Millington, Peter
This paper describes Plough Monday activities in the city of Nottingham, which died out in the inter-war years, and chronicles the establishment of its Plough Day Fair in 1712. Elsewhere in Nottinghamshire, house visits by folk play performers were an important feature of Plough Monday. However, it is concluded that these were not part of the 'Plough Bullocks' tradition in Nottingham city. Nottingham's Plough Monday activities provoked conflicts between certain sections of local society, which led to active suppression during the 19th century. These non-play conflicts contrast with the folk play customs, which were more socially acceptable.
Thoroton Society of Nottinghamshire
2005
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1204/1/MillingtonThoroton2005.pdf
Millington, Peter (2005) 'Plough Bullocks' and Related Plough Monday Customs in the Nottingham Area, 1800-1930. Transactions of the Thoroton Society of Nottinghamshire, 109. pp. 127-137. ISSN 0309-9210
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1459
2014-06-05T14:12:06Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1459/
Intelligent indexing of crime scene photographs
Pastra, K.
Saggion, H.
Wilks, Y.
The Scene of Crime Information System's automatic image-indexing prototype goes beyond extracting keywords and syntactic relations from captions. The semantic information it gathers gives investigators an intuitive, accurate way to search a database of cases for specific photographic evidence. Intelligent, automatic indexing and retrieval of crime scene photographs is one of the main functions of SOCIS, our research prototype developed within the Scene of Crime Information System project. The prototype, now in its final development and evaluation phase, applies advanced natural language processing techniques to text-based image indexing and retrieval to tackle crime investigation needs effectively and efficiently.
IEEE Computer Society
2003-01
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1459/1/saggionh1.pdf
Pastra, K., Saggion, H. and Wilks, Y. (2003) Intelligent indexing of crime scene photographs. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 18 (1). pp. 55-61. ISSN 1541-1672
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MIS.2003.1179194
doi:10.1109/MIS.2003.1179194
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1512
2014-06-05T18:22:35Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1512/
The design of caring environments and the quality of life of older people
Barnes, S.
Design in Caring Environments Study Group, .
There has been little systematic research into the design of care environments for older people. This article reviews empirical studies from both the architectural and the psychological literature. It outlines the instruments that are currently available for measuring both the environment and the quality of life of older people, and it summarises the evidence on the layout of buildings, the sensory environment and the privacy of residents. The conclusion is drawn that all evidence-based design must be a compromise or dynamic and, as demands on the caring environment change over time, this compromise must be re-visited in the form of post-occupancy evaluation.
Cambridge University Press
2002-11
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1512/1/barnes.s1.pdf
Barnes, S. and Design in Caring Environments Study Group, . (2002) The design of caring environments and the quality of life of older people. Ageing and Society, 22 (6). pp. 775-789. ISSN 0144-686X
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X02008899
doi:10.1017/S0144686X02008899
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1513
2014-06-04T08:21:32Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1513/
Quality of life and building design in residential and nursing homes for older people
Parker, C.
Barnes, S.
McKee, K.
Morgan, K.
Torrington, J.
Tregenza, P.
Older people living in residential and nursing care homes spend a large proportion of their time within the boundaries of the home, and may depend on the environment to compensate for their physical or cognitive frailties. Regulations and guidelines on the design of care buildings have accumulated over time with little knowledge of their impact on the quality of life of building users. The Design in Caring Environments Study (DICE) collected cross-sectional data on building design and quality of life in 38 care homes in and near Sheffield, Yorkshire. Quality of life was assessed using methods which included all residents regardless of their frailty, and staff morale was also assessed. The physical environment was measured on 11 user-related domains using a new tool, the Sheffield Care Environment Assessment Matrix (SCEAM). Significant positive associations were found between several aspects of the built environment and the residents' quality of life. There was evidence that a focus on safety and health requirements could be creating risk-averse environments which act against quality of life, particularly for the least frail residents. Staff morale was associated with attributes of a non-institutional environment for residents rather than with the facilities provided for the staff. The new tool for assessing building design has potential applications in further research and for care providers.
Cambridge University Press
2004-11
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1513/1/barnes.s2.pdf
Parker, C., Barnes, S., McKee, K. et al. (3 more authors) (2004) Quality of life and building design in residential and nursing homes for older people. Ageing and Society, 24 (6). pp. 941-962. ISSN 0144-686X
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X04002387
doi:10.1017/S0144686X04002387
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1515
2014-06-05T08:05:50Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1515/
The diversity and welfare of older migrants in Europe
Warnes, A.M.
Friedrich, K.
Kellaher, L.
Torres, S.
This paper sets the scene and provides a conceptual framework for the articles in this special issue. They present the findings of research on European residents who have reached or are on the threshold of old age and whose current circumstances have been strongly influenced by a migration across an international border. Such ‘older migrants’ are scattered throughout Europe and they have especially diverse characteristics. They include some of the most deprived and socially excluded, and some of the most affluent and accomplished, but all to a greater or lesser extent are disadvantaged through an interaction between social policies and their ‘otherness’ by living in a foreign country. Some claim attention through the severity of their unmet health and welfare needs and poor capacity to access advice and treatment, while the affluent groups are of great interest to social gerontology because of their enterprising, developmental and positive approaches to old age.
They include among the most innovative of the latest generation of older people, who pursue new combinations of family responsibilities, leisure pursuits and income generation. The paper proposes that the concept ‘human capital’ summarises variations in preparedness for old age, that is, the resources by which people cope with demands for income, roles, treatment, care and support. A typology of the ‘welfare position’ of international migrants in contemporary Europe is presented.
Cambridge University Press
2004-05
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1515/1/warnes.a.m1.pdf
Warnes, A.M., Friedrich, K., Kellaher, L. et al. (1 more author) (2004) The diversity and welfare of older migrants in Europe. Ageing and Society, 24 (3). pp. 307-326. ISSN 0144-686X
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X04002296
doi:10.1017/S0144686X04002296
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1516
2014-06-07T06:31:17Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1516/
Northern European retired residents in nine southern European areas: characteristics, motivations and adjustment
Casado-Diaz, M.A.
Kaiser, C.
Warnes, A.M.
During the last two decades, northern European retirement residence in the southern European sunbelt has grown strongly and its forms have rapidly changed, but standard demographic and social statistical sources provide no information about the flows, the migrants or their increasingly mobile and complex residential patterns. Considerable primary research has however recently been undertaken into the causes, conditions, experiences and consequences of international retirement migration (IRM) by investigators from Germany, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Many collaborated when designing their studies and instruments, and all have subsequently worked together in a European Science Foundation Scientific Network.
This paper compares the findings of six systematic social surveys in (to be more precise than the title) eight regions of southern Europe and the Canary Islands: all that have tackled similar research questions with similar methods and instruments. It presents interpretations of several comparative tables compiled from their original data, with a focus on the socio-economic backgrounds, motivations and behaviour of the various migrant groups and their relationship with the host and home countries. The paper presents new findings about the typical and variant forms of IRM, and additional understanding of the heterogeneity of the retirees of different nations and in the several regions.
Cambridge University Press
2004-05
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1516/1/warnes.a.m2.pdf
Casado-Diaz, M.A., Kaiser, C. and Warnes, A.M. (2004) Northern European retired residents in nine southern European areas: characteristics, motivations and adjustment. Ageing and Society, 24 (3). pp. 353-381. ISSN 0144-686X
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X04001898
doi:10.1017/S0144686X04001898
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1517
2014-06-04T13:13:28Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1517/
Care services for frail older people in South Korea
Oh, K.M.
Warnes, A.M.
This paper examines the changed social circumstances of older people in South Korea and specifically the increased need for formal health and social services for those who are frail and have no informal carers. The article begins with a summary account of the country's exceptionally rapid demographic, economic and social transformations, which demonstrates a widening gap between the population's expectations and needs, and health and social service provision. It then examines the recently initiated and now burgeoning welfare programmes, with particular attention to health and social services for sick and frail older people. Most extant care services are accessed mainly by two minorities: the very poor and the rich. The dominant policy influence of physicians and a history of conflict between traditional and western medicine probably underlies the low current priority for ‘care’ as opposed to ‘cure’, as also for the management of chronic conditions and rehabilitation. Neither long-term care services nor personal social services are well developed.
There is a marked disparity between the acute services, which are predominantly provided by private sector organisations in a highly competitive market and broadly achieve high standards, and public primary care and rudimentary residential services. The latter are weakly regulated and there are many instances of low standards of care.
Cambridge University Press
2001-11
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1517/1/warnes.a.m3.pdf
Oh, K.M. and Warnes, A.M. (2001) Care services for frail older people in South Korea. Ageing and Society, 21 (6). pp. 701-720. ISSN 0144-686X
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X01008479
doi:10.1017/S0144686X01008479
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1518
2014-06-04T15:34:45Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1518/
The well-being of British expatriate retirees in southern Europe
Warnes, A.M.
King, R.
Williams, A.M.
Patterson, G.
This article examines the personal outcomes of overseas residence in later life, by analysing some findings from the first large-scale, comparative study of the retirement of British citizens to southern Europe. Four study areas are compared: Tuscany in Italy, Malta, the Costa del Sol of Spain, and the Algarve region of Portugal. The analysis focuses on the expressed reasons for moving to and residing in the areas, the reported advantages and disadvantages, and the respondents' predictions of whether they would stay or leave in response to adverse and beneficial events.
Overall the subjects give very positive reports, but there are considerable differences among the four areas. The associations of individual variation in well-being with both a person's ‘temporal commitment’ to the area and to facets of their social integration are analysed. The onset of severe incapacity, sufficient to prevent the continued running of a home, is the event most likely to cause people to leave their adopted areas of residence.
Cambridge University Press
1999-11
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1518/1/warnes.a.m4.pdf
Warnes, A.M., King, R., Williams, A.M. et al. (1 more author) (1999) The well-being of British expatriate retirees in southern Europe. Ageing and Society, 19 (6). pp. 717-740. ISSN 0144-686X
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X9900759X
doi:10.1017/S0144686X9900759X
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1585
2014-06-04T20:31:47Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1585/
Political motherhood and the everyday experience of mothering : a comparison of the child care strategies of French and British working mothers
Windebank, J.
In contrast to the majority of research on the relationship between women and the state which bases its findings on nationally aggregated data and concentrates its analysis on the forces which shape national policy concerning gender, this article adopts a micro-social approach to this question. Based on the findings from an in-depth qualitative cross-national study of the child care strategies of 112 mothers working in secretarial or clerical occupations in two countries with very different configurations of ‘political motherhood’, namely, France and Britain, the article assesses the impact of these varying policy environments on the construction of mothering in the everyday lives of employed women.
It finds that different configurations of political motherhood have a significant impact on the practical aspects of these women's child care strategies but less impact on their fundamental conceptions of the duties and responsibilities of mothering. It concludes by considering the significance of these findings for current debates concerning the role of the state in perpetuating or combating unequal gender relations.
Cambridge University Press
1999-01
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1585/1/windebank.j1.pdf
Windebank, J. (1999) Political motherhood and the everyday experience of mothering : a comparison of the child care strategies of French and British working mothers. Journal of Social Policy, 28 (1). pp. 1-25. ISSN 0047-2794
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0047279499005486
doi:10.1017/S0047279499005486
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1586
2014-06-04T22:30:58Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1586/
Helping people to help themselves : policy lessons from a study of deprived urban neighbourhoods in Southampton
Williams, C.C.
Windebank, J.
The aim of this paper is draw out some policy lessons from a study of self-help activity amongst 200 households in deprived urban neighbourhoods of Southampton. Commencing with a critique of the popular prejudice that promoting self-help should be opposed in case it leads to a demise of formal welfare provision, the paper then interrogates the empirical evidence to understand and explain the nature and extent of such work in deprived neighbourhoods. Finding that self-help is a crucial component of household coping practices, but that no-earner households are unable to benefit from this work to the same extent as employed households, the paper proposes both bottom-up and top-down solutions to tackle the barriers to participation in self-help amongst unemployed households. In particular, it calls for a modification to Working Families Tax Credit and the creation of Community Enterprise so as to recognise and value much of the self-help activity that currently takes place but remains unrecognised and unvalued.
Cambridge University Press
2000-07
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1586/1/windebank.j2.pdf
Williams, C.C. and Windebank, J. (2000) Helping people to help themselves : policy lessons from a study of deprived urban neighbourhoods in Southampton. Journal of Social Policy, 29 (3). pp. 355-373. ISSN 0047-2794
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0047279400006024
doi:10.1017/S0047279400006024
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1636
2022-12-19T13:19:34Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1636/
"This is a Mummers' play I wrote": Modern compositions and their implications
Millington, Peter
It seems that may people feel compelled to rewrite folk plays. Working with a large sample of composed and adapted texts, the apparent personal and cultural motivations of these wannabe folk playwrights are explored. More specifically, this study examines the textual characteristics of the rewritten plays in an attempt to determine what it is that makes the authors think that they have written a mummers' play. These features are then compared with a historical database of “authentic” Quack Doctor plays. It is suggested that similar processes and criteria have existed throughout the history of the plays, and may indeed have been the prime factor in their evolution.
2003-06-12
Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed
text
en
attached
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1636/1/ModernMummers.pdf
Millington, Peter (2003) "This is a Mummers' play I wrote": Modern compositions and their implications. In: Mumming Traditions in Cross-Border and Cross-Community Contexts, 09-13 Jun 2003, Derry, Northern Ireland. (Submitted)
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1688
2016-10-25T03:13:36Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1688/
Acceptor binding energy in delta-doped GaAs/AlAs multiple-quantum wells
Zheng, W.M.
Halsall, M.P.
Harmer, P.
Harrison, P.
Steer, M.J.
A series of Be delta-doped GaAs/AlAs multiple-quantum wells with the doping at the well center were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The photoluminescence spectra were measured at 4, 20, 40, 80, 120, and 200 K, respectively. The two-hole transitions of the acceptor-bound exciton from the ground state, 1S3/2(Gamma(6)), to the first-excited state, 2S3/2(Gamma(6)), have been clearly observed and the acceptor binding energy measured. A variational calculation is presented to obtain the acceptor binding energy as a function of well width. It is found that the experimental results are in good agreement with the theory. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
American Institute of Physics
2002-11-15
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
attached
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1688/1/harrisonp32.pdf
Zheng, W.M., Halsall, M.P., Harmer, P. et al. (2 more authors) (2002) Acceptor binding energy in delta-doped GaAs/AlAs multiple-quantum wells. Journal of Applied Physics, 92 (10). pp. 6039-6042. ISSN 1089-7550
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1516872
doi:10.1063/1.1516872
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1802
2015-07-29T21:47:08Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1802/
Measurement of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of non-invasive diagnostic testing strategies for deep vein thrombosis
Goodacre, S.
Sampson, F.C.
Stevenson, M.
Wailoo, A.
Sutton, A.
Thomas, S.
Locker, T.
Ryan, A.
Objectives:
To estimate the diagnostic accuracy of
non-invasive tests for proximal deep vein thrombosis
(DVT) and isolated calf DVT, in patients with clinically
suspected DVT or high-risk asymptomatic patients, and
identify factors associated with variation in diagnostic
performance. Also to identify practical diagnostic
algorithms for DVT, and estimate the diagnostic
accuracy, clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness
of each.
Data sources:
Electronic databases (to April 2004).
A postal survey of hospitals in the UK.
Review methods:
Selected studies were assessed
against validated criteria. A postal survey of hospitals in
the UK was undertaken to describe current practice
and availability of tests, and identify additional
diagnostic algorithms. Pooled estimates of sensitivity,
specificity and likelihood ratios were obtained for each
test using random effects meta-analysis. The effect of
study-level covariates was explored using random
effects metaregression. A decision-analytic model was
used to combine estimates from the meta-analysis and
estimate the diagnostic performance of each algorithm
in a theoretical population of outpatients with
suspected DVT. The net benefit of using each algorithm
was estimated from a health service perspective, using
cost–utility analysis, assuming thresholds of willingness
to pay of £20,000 and £30,000 per quality-adjusted lifeyear
(QALY). The model was analysed probabilistically
and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves were
generated to reflect uncertainty in estimated costeffectiveness.
Results:
Individual clinical features are of limited
diagnostic value, with most likelihood ratios being close
to 1. Wells clinical probability score stratifies proximal,
but not distal, DVT into high-, intermediate- and
low-risk categories. Unstructured clinical assessment by
experienced clinicians may have similar performance to
Wells score. In patients with clinically suspected DVT,
D-dimer has 91% sensitivity and 55% specificity for
DVT, although performance varies substantially
between assays and populations. D-dimer specificity is
dependent on pretest clinical probability, being higher
in patients with a low clinical probability of DVT.
Plethysmography and rheography techniques have
modest sensitivity for proximal DVT, poor sensitivity
for distal DVT, and modest specificity. Ultrasound has
94% sensitivity for proximal DVT, 64% sensitivity for
distal DVT and 94% specificity. Computed tomography
scanning has 95% sensitivity for all DVT (proximal and
distal combined) and 97% specificity. Magnetic
resonance imaging has 92% sensitivity for all DVT and
95% specificity. The diagnostic performance of all tests
is worse in asymptomatic patients. The most costeffective
algorithm discharged patients with a low Wells
score and negative D-dimer without further testing,
and then used plethysmography alongside ultrasound,
with venography in selected cases, to diagnose the
remaining patients. However, the cost-effectiveness of
this algorithm was dependent on assumptions of test
independence being met and the ability to provide
plethysmography at relatively low cost. Availability of
plethysmography and venography is currently limited at
most UK hospitals, so implementation would involve
considerable reorganisation of services. Two algorithms
were identified that offered high net benefit and would
be feasible in most hospitals without substantial
reorganisation of services. Both involved using a
combination of Wells score, D-dimer and above-knee ultrasound. For thresholds of willingness to pay of
£10,000 or £20,000 per QALY the optimal strategy
involved discharging patients with a low or
intermediate Wells score and negative D-dimer,
ultrasound for those with a high score or positive
D-dimer, and repeat scanning for those with positive
D-dimer and a high Wells score, but negative initial
scan. For thresholds of £30,000 or more a similar
strategy, but involving repeat ultrasound for all those
with a negative initial scan, was optimal.
Conclusions:
Diagnostic algorithms based on a
combination of Wells score, D-dimer and ultrasound
(with repeat if negative) are feasible at most UK
hospitals and are among the most cost-effective. Use of
repeat scanning depends on the threshold for
willingness to pay for health gain. Further diagnostic
testing for patients with a low Wells score and negative
D-dimer is unlikely to represent a cost-effective use of
resources. Recommendations for research include the
evaluation of the costs and outcomes of using the
optimal diagnostic algorithms in routine practice, the
development and evaluation of algorithms appropriate
for specific groups of patients with suspected DVT,
such as intravenous drug abusers, pregnant patients and
those with previous DVT, the evaluation of the role of
plethysmography: interaction with other diagnostic
tests, outcome of low-risk patients with negative
plethysmography and measurement of the costs of
providing plethysmography, and methodological
research into the incorporation of meta-analytic data
into decision-analytic modelling.
Gray Publishing
2006-05
Monograph
NonPeerReviewed
Goodacre, S., Sampson, F.C., Stevenson, M. et al. (5 more authors) (2006) Measurement of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of non-invasive diagnostic testing strategies for deep vein thrombosis. Technical Report. Gray Publishing , Tunbridge Wells.
http://www.hta.ac.uk/1340
ISSN 1366-5278
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1958
2014-06-05T11:37:42Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1958/
Topologically disordered systems at the glass transition
Ojovan, M.I.
Lee, W.E.
The thermodynamic approach to the viscosity and fragility of amorphous oxides was used to determine the topological characteristics of the disordered network-forming systems. Instead of the disordered system of atoms we considered the congruent disordered system of interconnecting bonds. The Gibbs free energy of network-breaking defects (configurons) was found based on available viscosity data. Amorphous silica and germania were used as reference disordered systems for which we found an excellent agreement of calculated and measured glass transition temperatures. We reveal that the Hausdorff dimension of the system of bonds changes from Euclidian three-dimensional below to fractal 2.55 ± 0.05-dimensional geometry above the glass transition temperature.
Institute of Physics
2006-12-20
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1958/1/ojovanmi1_Topologically2.pdf
Ojovan, M.I. and Lee, W.E. (2006) Topologically disordered systems at the glass transition. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 18 (50). pp. 11507-11520. ISSN 1361-648X
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/18/50/007
doi:10.1088/0953-8984/18/50/007
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:2258
2014-06-09T16:07:48Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/2258/
The chronostratigraphy of Late Pleistocene glacial and periglacial aeolian
activity in the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, NWT, Canada
Bateman, M.D.
Murton, J.B.
Aeolian periglacial sand deposits are common in the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands of Western Arctic Canada. Regionally extensive and thick aeolian sand-sheet deposits have been observed in two major stratigraphic settings: within a sand unit characterized by large aeolian dune deposits; and interbedded with glaciofluvial outwash from the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS). Small, localized sand sheets have also been observed along the tops of sandy bluffs, within sequences of drained thermokarst lakes deposits and as an involuted veneer above buried basal ice of the LIS.
On the basis of radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates from preserved periglacial aeolian sand sheets and dunes a regional chronostratigraphy is presented which indicates that both extensive dunes and sand sheets accumulated mainly between ca 30 and 13 ka. A switch to dominantly sand-sheet aggradation at ca 14–13 ka, with sand sheets forming widely until ca 8 ka, is attributed to (a) surface armouring by glacial deposits associated with the advance of the LIS; and (b) amelioration of the climate from cold aridity. An absence of OSL dates between ca 8 and 1 ka suggests that sand sheets stabilized during much of the Holocene. Local sand-sheet aggradation during recent centuries has occurred near sandy bluffs and on the floors of drained thermokarst lakes. The OSL dates constrain the maximum extent of the LIS in the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands to Marine Isotope Stage 2.
Elsevier
2006-10
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/2258/1/Bateman_and_murton_author_version%5B1%5D.pdf
Bateman, M.D. and Murton, J.B. (2006) The chronostratigraphy of Late Pleistocene glacial and periglacial aeolian activity in the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, NWT, Canada. Quaternary Science Reviews, 25 (19-20). pp. 2552-2568. ISSN 0277-3791
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.07.023
doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.07.023
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:2264
2014-06-05T05:19:37Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/2264/
Preserving the palaeoenvironmental record in Drylands: Bioturbation
and its significance for luminescence-derived chronologies
Bateman, M.D.
Boulter, C.H.
Carr, A.S.
Frederick, C.D.
Peter, D.
Wilder, M.
Luminescence (OSL) dating has revolutionised the understanding of Late Pleistocene dryland activity. However,
one of the key assumptions for this sort of palaeoenvironmental work is that sedimentary sequences have been
preserved intact, enabling their use as proxy indicators of past changes. This relies on stabilisation or burial
soon after deposition and a mechanism to prevent any subsequent re-mobilisation. As well as a dating
technique OSL, especially at the single grain level, can be used to gain an insight into post-depositional
processes that may distort or invalidate the palaeoenvironmental record of geological sediment sequences.
This paper explores the possible impact of bioturbation (the movement of sediment by flora and fauna) on
luminescence derived chronologies from Quaternary sedimentary deposits in Texas and Florida (USA) which
have both independent radiocarbon chronologies and archaeological evidence. These sites clearly illustrate the
ability of bioturbation to rejuvenate ancient weathered sandy bedrock and/or to alter depositional stratigraphies
through the processes of exhumation and sub-surface mixing of sediment. The use of multiple OSL replicate
measurements is advocated as a strategy for checking for bioturbated sediment. Where significant OSL
heterogeneity is found, caution should be taken with the derived OSL ages and further measurements at the
single grain level are recommended. Observations from the linear dunes of the Kalahari show them to have no
bedding structure and to have OSL heterogeneity similar to that shown from the bioturbated Texan and Florida
sites. The Kalahari linear dunes could have therefore undergone hitherto undetected post-depositional sediment
disturbance which would have implications for the established OSL chronology for the region.
Elsevier
2007-02-15
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/2264/1/bateman_et_al_2006_author_version%5B1%5D.pdf
Bateman, M.D., Boulter, C.H., Carr, A.S. et al. (3 more authors) (2007) Preserving the palaeoenvironmental record in Drylands: Bioturbation and its significance for luminescence-derived chronologies. Sedimentary Geology, 195 (1-2). pp. 5-19. ISSN 0037-0738
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.07.003
doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.07.003
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:2438
2014-06-05T10:47:39Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/2438/
Book Review: «In Comes I»: Performance, Memory and Landscape. Mike Pearson. Exeter, University of Exeter Press, 2007.
Millington, Peter
Review of a book on the interaction between performance and landscape, focusing on Hibaldstow and North Lincolnshire. It includes extensive coverage of folklore topics, showing how traditions work, and what they mean to the participants and performers.
English Folk Dance and Song Society
2007-04-28
Article
NonPeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/2438/1/In_Comes_I_Review_2007-04-28.pdf
Millington, Peter (Submitted: 2007) Book Review: «In Comes I»: Performance, Memory and Landscape. Mike Pearson. Exeter, University of Exeter Press, 2007. Folk Music Journal. ISSN 0531-9684 (Submitted)
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3366
2014-06-06T20:20:50Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3366/
Enhanced longitudinal magnetooptic Kerr effect contrast in nanomagnetic structures
Gibson, U.J.
Holiday, L.F.
Allwood, D.A.
Basu, S.
Fry, P.W.
We report on enhanced longitudinal magnetooptic Kerr effect signal contrast in thin-film nanomagnetic disks with in-plane magnetization when combined with dielectric layers that provide impedance matching to the structure and the underlying substrate. Kerr signals can increase by a factor of three, while substrate reflectance is almost completely suppressed. This leads to an increase in Kerr ellipticity relative to the background intensity and a subsequent improvement in the measured signal-to-noise ratio. Measurements using a beam focused on opaque 400-nm Ni disks yield contrast improvements of a factor of 8. Arrays of nanodisks demonstrate more complex behavior due to diffraction effects.
IEEE
2007-06
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3366/1/allwoodd1.pdf
Gibson, U.J., Holiday, L.F., Allwood, D.A. et al. (2 more authors) (2007) Enhanced longitudinal magnetooptic Kerr effect contrast in nanomagnetic structures. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 43 (6). pp. 2740-2742. ISSN 0018-9464
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2007.894003
doi:10.1109/TMAG.2007.894003
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3407
2007-10-16T09:22:04Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3407/
Why, and how, mixed methods research is undertaken in health services research in England: a mixed methods study
O'Cathain, A.
Murphy, E.
Nicholl, J.
Background
Recently, there has been a surge of international interest in combining qualitative and quantitative methods in a single study – often called mixed methods research. It is timely to consider why and how mixed methods research is used in health services research (HSR).
Methods
Documentary analysis of proposals and reports of 75 mixed methods studies funded by a research commissioner of HSR in England between 1994 and 2004. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 20 researchers sampled from these studies.
Results
18% (119/647) of HSR studies were classified as mixed methods research. In the documentation, comprehensiveness was the main driver for using mixed methods research, with researchers wanting to address a wider range of questions than quantitative methods alone would allow. Interviewees elaborated on this, identifying the need for qualitative research to engage with the complexity of health, health care interventions, and the environment in which studies took place. Motivations for adopting a mixed methods approach were not always based on the intrinsic value of mixed methods research for addressing the research question; they could be strategic, for example, to obtain funding. Mixed methods research was used in the context of evaluation, including randomised and non-randomised designs; survey and fieldwork exploratory studies; and instrument development. Studies drew on a limited number of methods – particularly surveys and individual interviews – but used methods in a wide range of roles.
Conclusion
Mixed methods research is common in HSR in the UK. Its use is driven by pragmatism rather than principle, motivated by the perceived deficit of quantitative methods alone to address the complexity of research in health care, as well as other more strategic gains. Methods are combined in a range of contexts, yet the emerging methodological contributions from HSR to the field of mixed methods research are currently limited to the single context of combining qualitative methods and randomised controlled trials. Health services researchers could further contribute to the development of mixed methods research in the contexts of instrument development, survey and fieldwork, and non-randomised evaluations.
BioMed Central
2007-06-14
Article
PeerReviewed
O'Cathain, A., Murphy, E. and Nicholl, J. (2007) Why, and how, mixed methods research is undertaken in health services research in England: a mixed methods study. BMC Health Services Research, 7 (85). ISSN 1472-6963
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-7-85
doi:10.1186/1472-6963-7-85
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3535
2016-09-16T13:33:50Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3535/
Using rank data to estimate health state utility models
McCabe, C.
Brazier, J.
Gilks, P.
Tsuchiya, A.
Roberts, J.
O'Hagan, A.
Stevens, K.
In this paper we report the estimation of conditional logistic regression models for the Health Utilities Index Mark 2 and the SF-6D, using ordinal preference data. The results are compared to the conventional regression models estimated from standard gamble data, and to the observed mean standard gamble health state valuations. For both the HUI2 and the SF-6D, the models estimated using ordinal data are broadly comparable to the models estimated on standard gamble data and the predictive performance of these models is close to that of the standard gamble models. Our research indicates that ordinal data have the potential to provide useful insights into community health state preferences. However, important questions remain.
Elsevier
2006-05
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
attached
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3535/1/McCabeetalJHE2006final.pdf
McCabe, C., Brazier, J., Gilks, P. et al. (4 more authors) (2006) Using rank data to estimate health state utility models. Journal of Health Economics, 25 (3). pp. 418-431. ISSN 0167-6296
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2005.07.008
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2005.07.008
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3538
2016-10-28T02:46:04Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3538/
Annual league tables of mortality in neonatal intensive care units: longitudinal study. International Neonatal Network and the Scottish Neonatal Consultants and Nurses Collaborative Study Group.[see comment]
Parry, G.
Gould, C.
McCabe, C.
Tarnow-Mordi, W.
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether crude league tables of mortality and league tables of risk adjusted mortality accurately reflect the performance of hospitals.
DESIGN: Longitudinal study of mortality occurring in hospital.
SETTING: 9 neonatal intensive care units in the United Kingdom.
SUBJECTS: 2671 very low birth weight or preterm infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units between 1988 and 1994.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Crude hospital mortality and hospital mortality adjusted using the clinical risk index for babies (CRIB) score.
RESULTS: Hospitals had wide and overlapping confidence intervals when ranked by mortality in annual league tables; this made it impossible to discriminate between hospitals reliably. In most years there was no significant difference between hospitals, only random variation. The apparent performance of individual hospitals fluctuated substantially from year to year.
CONCLUSIONS: Annual league tables are not reliable indicators of performance or best practice; they do not reflect consistent differences between hospitals. Any action prompted by the annual league tables would have been equally likely to have been beneficial, detrimental, or irrelevant. Mortality should be compared between groups of hospitals using specific criteria-such as differences in the volume of patients, staffing policy, training of staff, or aspects of clinical practice-after adjusting for risk. This will produce more reliable estimates with narrower confidence intervals, and more reliable and rapid conclusions.
BMJ Publishing
1998-06-27
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
attached
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3538/1/BMJ1998Parry.pdf
Parry, G., Gould, C., McCabe, C. et al. (1 more author) (1998) Annual league tables of mortality in neonatal intensive care units: longitudinal study. International Neonatal Network and the Scottish Neonatal Consultants and Nurses Collaborative Study Group.[see comment]. BMJ, 316 (7149). pp. 1931-1935. ISSN 0959-8138
http://www.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/316/7149/1931
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3559
2016-06-10T03:10:28Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3559/
A bibliometric analysis of the literature of chemoinformatics
Willett, P.
Purpose – The purpose of this article is to analyse the literature of chemoinformatics, a subject that
has arisen over the last few years and that draws on techniques from a range of disciplines, most
notably chemistry (particularly computational and medicinal chemistry), computer science and
information science.
Design/methodology/approach – Discusses subject, author and citation searches of (principally)
the web of knowledge database.
Findings – The Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling (previously the Journal of Chemical
Information and Computer Sciences) is the core journal for the subject, but with many significant
papers being published in journals whose principal focus is molecular modelling, quantitative
structure-activity relationships or more general aspects of chemistry. The discipline is international in
scope, and many of the most cited papers describe software packages that play a key role in modern
chemoinformatics research.
Originality/value – This is the first bibliometric study of chemoinformatics, and one of only a very
few that consider the bibliometrics of computational chemistry more generally.
Emerald
2008
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
cc_by_nc_4
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3559/1/willettp11_Bibliometric_paper_chemoinformatics1.pdf
Willett, P. (2008) A bibliometric analysis of the literature of chemoinformatics. Aslib Proceedings; New Information Perspectives, 60 (1). pp. 4-17. ISSN 0001-253X
http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00012530810847335
10.1108/00012530810847335
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3567/
Effectiveness of graph-based and fingerprint-based similarity measures for virtual screening of 2D chemical structure databases
Raymond, J.W.
Willett, P.
This paper reports an evaluation of both graph-based and fingerprint-based measures of structural similarity, when used for virtual screening of sets of 2D molecules drawn from the MDDR and ID Alert databases. The graph-based measures employ a new maximum common edge subgraph isomorphism algorithm, called RASCAL, with several similarity coefficients described previously for quantifying the similarity between pairs of graphs. The effectiveness of these graph-based searches is compared with that resulting from similarity searches using BCI, Daylight and Unity 2D fingerprints. Our results suggest that graph-based approaches provide an effective complement to existing fingerprint-based approaches to virtual screening.
Springer Netherlands
2002-01
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3567/1/willetsp2.pdf
Raymond, J.W. and Willett, P. (2002) Effectiveness of graph-based and fingerprint-based similarity measures for virtual screening of 2D chemical structure databases. Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, 16 (1). pp. 59-71. ISSN 1573-4951
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016387816342
doi:10.1023/A:1016387816342
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3568
2013-02-08T16:55:34Z
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7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3568/
RASCAL: calculation of graph similarity using maximum common edge subgraphs
Raymond, J.W.
Gardiner, E.J.
Willett, P.
A new graph similarity calculation procedure is introduced for comparing labeled graphs. Given a minimum similarity threshold, the procedure consists of an initial screening process to determine whether it is possible for the measure of similarity between the two graphs to exceed the minimum threshold, followed by a rigorous maximum common edge subgraph (MCES) detection algorithm to compute the exact degree and composition of similarity. The proposed MCES algorithm is based on a maximum clique formulation of the problem and is a significant improvement over other published algorithms. It presents new approaches to both lower and upper bounding as well as vertex selection.
Oxford University Press
2002-04
Article
NonPeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3568/1/willets3.pdf
Raymond, J.W., Gardiner, E.J. and Willett, P. (2002) RASCAL: calculation of graph similarity using maximum common edge subgraphs. The Computer Journal, 45 (6). pp. 631-644. ISSN 1460-2067
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/45.6.631
doi:10.1093/comjnl/45.6.631
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3570
2013-02-08T16:55:34Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3570/
Identification of diverse database subsets using property-based and fragment-based molecular descriptions
Ashton, M.
Barnard, J.
Casset, F.
Charlton, M.
Downs, G.
Gorse, D.
Holliday, J.D.
Lahana, R.
Willett, P.
This paper reports a comparison of calculated molecular properties and of 2D fragment bit-strings when used for the selection of structurally diverse subsets of a file of 44295 compounds. MaxMin dissimilarity-based selection and k-means cluster-based selection are used to select subsets containing between 1% and 20% of the file. Investigation of the numbers of bioactive molecules in the selected subsets suggest: that the MaxMin subsets are noticeably superior to the k-means subsets; that the property-based descriptors are marginally superior to the fragment-based descriptors; and that both approaches are noticeably superior to random selection.
Wiley
2003-01
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3570/1/willettp5.pdf
Ashton, M., Barnard, J., Casset, F. et al. (6 more authors) (2003) Identification of diverse database subsets using property-based and fragment-based molecular descriptions. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships, 21 (6). pp. 598-604.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qsar.200290002
doi:10.1002/qsar.200290002
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3571
2013-02-08T16:55:34Z
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696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3571/
Scaffold searching: automated identification of similar ring systems for the design of combinatorial libraries
Bohl, M.
Dunbar, J.
Gifford, E.M.
Heritage, T.
Wild, D.J.
Willett, P.
Wilton, D.J.
Rigid ring systems can be used to position receptor-binding functional groups in 3D space and they thus play an increasingly important role in the design of combinatorial libraries. This paper discusses the use of shape-similarity methods to identify ring systems that are structurally similar to, and aligned with, a user-defined target ring system. These systems can be used as alternative scaffolds for the construction of a combinatorial library.
Wiley
2003-01
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3571/1/willetts6.pdf
Bohl, M., Dunbar, J., Gifford, E.M. et al. (4 more authors) (2003) Scaffold searching: automated identification of similar ring systems for the design of combinatorial libraries. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships, 21 (6). pp. 590-597. ISSN 1611-0218
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qsar.200290001
doi:10.1002/qsar.200290001
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3572
2013-02-08T16:55:35Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3572/
Visual and computational analysis of structure-activity relationships in high-throughput screening data
Gedeck, P.
Willett, P.
Novel analytic methods are required to assimilate the large volumes of structural and bioassay data generated by combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening programmes in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. This paper reviews recent work in visualisation and data mining that can be used to develop structure-activity relationships from such chemical/biological datasets.
Elsevier
2001-08-01
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3572/1/willettp_Gedeck_Review.pdf
Gedeck, P. and Willett, P. (2001) Visual and computational analysis of structure-activity relationships in high-throughput screening data. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 5 (4). pp. 389-395. ISSN 1367-5931
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1367-5931(00)00219-2
doi:10.1016/S1367-5931(00)00219-2
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3574
2013-02-08T16:55:34Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3574/
The EVA spectral descriptor
Turner, D.B.
Willett, P.
The EVA descriptor is derived from fundamental IR- and Raman range molecular vibrational frequencies. EVA is sensitive to 3D structure but has an advantage over field-based 3D-QSAR methods inasmuch as it is invariant to both translation and rotation of the structures concerned and thus structural superposition is not required. The latter property and the demonstration of the effectiveness of the descriptor for QSAR means that EVA has been the subject of a great deal of interest from the modelling community. This review describes the derivation of the descriptor, details its main parameters and how to apply them, and provides an overview of the validation that has been done with the descriptor. A recent enhancement to the technique is described which involves the localised adjustment of variance in such a way that enhanced internal and external predictivity may be obtained. Despite the statistical quality of EVA QSAR models the main draw-back to the descriptor at present is the difficulty associated with back-tracking from a PLS model to an EVA pharmacophore. Brief comment is made on the use of the EVA descriptor for diversity studies and the similarity searching of chemical structure databases.
Elsevier
2000-04
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3574/1/willetts10.pdf
Turner, D.B. and Willett, P. (2000) The EVA spectral descriptor. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 35 (4). pp. 367-375. ISSN 0223-5234
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0223-5234(00)00141-0
doi:10.1016/S0223-5234(00)00141-0
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3590
2013-02-08T16:55:37Z
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756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464350:536865666669656C642E43484D
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3590/
GAPDOCK: A genetic algorithm approach to protein docking in CAPRI round 1
Gardiner, E.J.
Willett, P.
Artymiuk, P.J.
As part of the first Critical Assessment of PRotein Interactions, round 1, we predict the structure of two protein-protein complexes, by using a genetic algorithm, GAPDOCK, in combination with surface complementarity, buried surface area, biochemical information, and human intervention. Among the five models submitted for target 1, HPr phosphocarrier protein (B. subtilis) and the hexameric HPr kinase (L. lactis), the best correctly predicts 17 of 52 interprotein contacts, whereas for target 2, bovine rotavirus VP6 protein-monoclonal antibody, the best model predicts 27 of 52 correct contacts. Given the difficult nature of the targets, these predictions are very encouraging and compare well with those obtained by other methods. Nevertheless, it is clear that there is a need for improved methods for distinguishing between correct and plausible but incorrect complexes. Proteins 2003;52:10-14.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2003-05
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3590/1/willetts12.pdf
Gardiner, E.J., Willett, P. and Artymiuk, P.J. (2003) GAPDOCK: A genetic algorithm approach to protein docking in CAPRI round 1. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics, 52 (1). pp. 10-14.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.10386
doi:10.1002/prot.10386
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3591
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3591/
Graph theoretic methods for the analysis of structural relationships in biological macromolecules
Artymiuk, P.J.
Spriggs, R.V.
Willett, P.
Subgraph isomorphism and maximum common subgraph isomorphism algorithms from graph theory provide an effective and an efficient way of identifying structural relationships between biological macromolecules. They thus provide a natural complement to the pattern matching algorithms that are used in bioinformatics to identify sequence relationships. Examples are provided of the use of graph theory to analyze proteins for which three-dimensional crystallographic or NMR structures are available, focusing on the use of the Bron-Kerbosch clique detection algorithm to identify common folding motifs and of the Ullmann subgraph isomorphism algorithm to identify patterns of amino acid residues. Our methods are also applicable to other types of biological macromolecule, such as carbohydrate and nucleic acid structures.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2005-01
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3591/1/willetts13.pdf
Artymiuk, P.J., Spriggs, R.V. and Willett, P. (2005) Graph theoretic methods for the analysis of structural relationships in biological macromolecules. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 56 (5). pp. 518-528. ISSN 1532 - 2882
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.20140
doi:10.1002/asi.20140
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3592
2013-02-08T16:55:37Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3592/
Representation, searching and discovery of patterns of bases in complex RNA structures
Harrison, A-M.
South, D.R.
Willett, P.
Artymiuk, P.J.
We describe a graph theoretic method designed to perform efficient searches for substructural patterns in nucleic acid structural coordinate databases using a simplified vectorial representation. Two vectors represent each nucleic acid base and the relative positions of bases with respect to one another are described in terms of distances between the defined start and end points of the vectors on each base. These points comprise the nodes and the distances the edges of a graph, and a pattern search can then be performed using a subgraph isomorphism algorithm. The minimal representation was designed to facilitate searches for complex patterns but was first tested on simple, well-characterised arrangements of bases such as base pairs and GNRA-tetraloop receptor interactions. The method performed very well for these interaction types. A survey of side-by-side base interactions, of which the adenosine platform is the best known example, also locates examples of similar base rearrangements that we consider to be important in structural regulation. A number of examples were found, with GU platforms being particularly prevalent. A GC platform in the RNA of the Thermus thermophilus small ribosomal subunit is in an analogous position to an adenosine platform in other species. An unusual GG platform is also observed close to one of the substrate binding sites in Haloarcula marismortui large ribosomal subunit RNA.
Springer Netherlands
2004-11
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3592/1/willetts14.pdf
Harrison, A-M., South, D.R., Willett, P. et al. (1 more author) (2004) Representation, searching and discovery of patterns of bases in complex RNA structures. Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, 17 (8). pp. 537-549. ISSN 1573-4951
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JCAM.0000004603.15856.32
doi:10.1023/B:JCAM.0000004603.15856.32
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3595
2013-02-08T16:55:38Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3595/
Use of the R-group descriptor for alignment-free QSAR
Hirons, L.
Holliday, J.D.
Jelfs, S.P.
Willett, P.
Gedeck, P.
An R-group descriptor characterises the distribution of some atom-based property, such as elemental type or partial atomic charge, at increasing numbers of bonds distant from the point of substitution on a parent ring system. Application of Partial Least Squares (PLS) to datasets for which bioactivity data and R-group descriptor information are available is shown to provide an effective way of generating QSAR models with a high level of predictive ability. The resulting models are competitive with the models produced by established QSAR approaches, are readily interpretable in structural terms, and are shown to be of value in the optimisation of a lead series.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2005-04
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3595/1/willetts16.pdf
Hirons, L., Holliday, J.D., Jelfs, S.P. et al. (2 more authors) (2005) Use of the R-group descriptor for alignment-free QSAR. QSAR & Combinatorial Science, 24 (5). pp. 611-619. ISSN 1611-0218
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qsar.200510102
doi:10.1002/qsar.200510102
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3596
2016-09-16T13:54:00Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3596/
Representations of science in the nineteenth century periodical press
Cantor, G.
Shuttleworth, S.
Topham, J.R.
Public interest in science is often thought to have been much greater in the nineteenth century than at the present
time. However, little attention has been paid to the media used to disseminate science to different audiences in
nineteenth century Britain. In particular, the vast bulk of general periodicals which fill our library shelves continues
to be largely impenetrable. Yet readers encountered a great quantity and an extensive variety of scientific, technical,
and medical information in the pages of such general periodicals as Punch, the Boy’s Own Paper, and Dickens’s
Household Words. This article describes the work of the ‘Science in the nineteenth-century periodical’ (SciPer)
project at the universities of Leeds and Sheffield, which seeks to identify and analyse the representation of science
in the non-specialist periodical press. The project has prepared an electronic index of the science content of a range
of periodicals, chosen to reflect the increasing range of reading audiences addressed in the nineteenth century. In
addition to detailing the methodology employed, this article includes examples of the project’s findings, showing
how both science and scientists were presented in such journals as the Comic Annual and the Review of Reviews.
Published by Maney for the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
2003-09
Article
PeerReviewed
Cantor, G., Shuttleworth, S. and Topham, J.R. (2003) Representations of science in the nineteenth century periodical press. Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 28 (3). pp. 161-168. ISSN 0308-0188
http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/030801803225005193
doi:10.1179/030801803225005193
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3605/
Similarity-based virtual screening using 2D fingerprints
Willett, P.
This paper summarises recent work at the University of Sheffield on virtual screening methods that use 2D fingerprint measures of structural similarity. A detailed comparison of a large number of similarity coefficients demonstrates that the well-known Tanimoto coefficient remains the method of choice for the computation of fingerprint-based similarity, despite possessing some inherent biases related to the sizes of the molecules that are being sought. Group fusion involves combining the results of similarity searches based on multiple reference structures and a single similarity measure. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach to screening, and also describe an approximate form of group fusion, turbo similarity searching, that can be used when just a single reference structure is available.
Elsevier
2006-12
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3605/1/willettp_DDT_review.pdf
Willett, P. (2006) Similarity-based virtual screening using 2D fingerprints. Drug Discovery Today, 11 (23-24). pp. 1046-1053. ISSN 1359-6446
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2006.10.005
doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2006.10.005
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3606
2013-02-08T16:55:39Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464353:536865666669656C642E494E46
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E4B4252
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3606/
Identification of target-specific bioisosteric fragments from ligand-protein crystallographic data
Kennewell, E.
Willett, P.
Ducrot, P.
Luttmann, C.
Bioisosteres are functional groups or atoms that are structurally different but that can form similar intermolecular interactions. Potential bioisosteres were identified here from analysing the X-ray crystallographic structures for sets of different ligands complexed with a fixed protein. The protein was used to align the ligands with each other, and then pairs of ligands compared to identify substructural features with high volume overlap that occurred in approximately the same region of geometric space. The resulting pairs of substructural features can suggest potential bioisosteric replacements for use in lead-optimisation studies. Experiments with 12 sets of ligand-protein complexes from the Protein Data Bank demonstrate the effectiveness of the procedure.
Springer
2006-06
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3606/1/willettp_Kennewell.pdf
Kennewell, E., Willett, P., Ducrot, P. et al. (1 more author) (2006) Identification of target-specific bioisosteric fragments from ligand-protein crystallographic data. Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design, 20 (6). pp. 385-394. ISSN 0920-654X
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10822-006-9072-0
doi:10.1007/s10822-006-9072-0
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3608
2013-02-08T16:55:39Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464353:536865666669656C642E494E46
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E4B4252
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3608/
Enhancing the effectiveness of ligand-based virtual screening using data fusion
Willett, P.
Data fusion is being increasingly used to combine the outputs of different types of sensor. This paper reviews the application of the approach to ligand-based virtual screening, where the sensors to be combined are functions that score molecules in a database on their likelihood of exhibiting some required biological activity. Much of the literature to date involves the combination of multiple similarity searches, although there is also increasing interest in the combination of multiple machine learning techniques. Both approaches are reviewed here, focusing on the extent to which fusion can improve the effectiveness of searching when compared with a single screening mechanism, and on the reasons that have been suggested for the observed performance enhancement.
Wiley
2006-12
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3608/1/willettp_QSAR_DataFusionReview.pdf
Willett, P. (2006) Enhancing the effectiveness of ligand-based virtual screening using data fusion. QSAR & Combinatorial Science, 25 (12). pp. 1143-1152. ISSN 1611-020X
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qsar.200610084
doi:10.1002/qsar.200610084
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3785
2014-06-05T00:13:42Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E4E4748:536865666669656C642E414745
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E414745
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3785/
Policy and service responses to rough sleeping among older people
Crane, M.
Warnes, A.M.
Rough sleeping in Britain has a long history, and interventions have alternated between legal sanctions and humanitarian concern. This paper critically examines recent changes in homeless policies and services, with particular reference to the needs of older people who sleep rough. The characteristics and problems of the group are first described. Single homeless people were formerly accommodated in direct-access hostels but, from the 1970s, individualised rehabilitation and resettlement have spread. Most recently, services dedicated to older people have begun (although remain few and are unevenly provided). Their achievements are reviewed and drawn upon in formulating normative proposals of the appropriate service mix. The 1990s ‘Rough Sleepers Initiative’ and related programmes promoted a ‘social care market’ of not-for-profit organisations that compete for increased (but short-term) funds to provide services, and the new Labour government will build upon these changes and increase funds. Low tolerance towards the ‘social exclusion’ of homelessness is promised but unerringly constructed as exclusion from work; while rough sleeping is dubbed as anti-social, coercive approaches to achieve a two-thirds reduction are foreseen. The proposed target might stall the development of diverse and effective services, or reduce providers' capacity to combat the perversities of resource allocation. The overall prospects for the improvement and expansion of services to provide significant help to single older homeless people are uncertain.
Cambridge University Press
2000-01
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3785/1/cranem1.pdf
Crane, M. and Warnes, A.M. (2000) Policy and service responses to rough sleeping among older people. Journal of Social Policy, 29 (1). pp. 21-36. ISSN 0047-2794
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0047279400005808
doi:10.1017/S0047279400005808
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:4462
2013-02-08T16:56:26Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E4E534E
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464345:536865666669656C642E414353
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/4462/
Maximum-likelihood estimation of delta-domain model parameters from noisy output signals
Kadirkamanathan, V.
Anderson, S.R.
Fast sampling is desirable to describe signal transmission
through wide-bandwidth systems. The delta-operator provides an ideal discrete-time modeling description for such fast-sampled systems. However, the estimation of delta-domain model parameters is usually biased by directly applying the delta-transformations to a sampled signal corrupted by additive measurement noise. This problem is solved here by expectation-maximization, where the delta-transformations of the true signal are estimated and then used to obtain the model parameters. The method is
demonstrated on a numerical example to improve on the accuracy of using a shift operator approach when the sample rate is fast.
IEEE
2008-08
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/4462/1/Kadirkamanathan.pdf
Kadirkamanathan, V. and Anderson, S.R. (2008) Maximum-likelihood estimation of delta-domain model parameters from noisy output signals. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 56 (8 (par). pp. 3765-3770. ISSN 1053-587X
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2008.920443
doi:10.1109/TSP.2008.920443
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:4472
2016-09-16T13:36:57Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E43505352
756E69743D4C65656473:4C656564732E46412D4D444845:4C656564732E52432D4D454453:4C656564732E53522D4C494853
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
696E737469747574696F6E3D4C65656473
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/4472/
The feasibility and effectiveness of a web-based personalised feedback and social norms alcohol intervention in UK university students: A randomised control trial
Bewick, B.M.
Trusler, K.
Mulhern, B.
Barkham, M.
Hill, A.J.
OBJECTIVE
Alcohol misuse amongst University students is a serious concern, and research has started to investigate the feasibility of using e-health interventions. This study aimed to establish the effectiveness of an electronic web-based personalised feedback intervention through the use of a randomised control trial (RCT).
METHODS
506 participants were stratified by gender, age group, year of study, self-reported weekly consumption of alcohol and randomly assigned to either a control or intervention condition. Intervention participants received electronic personalised feedback and social norms information on their drinking behaviour which they could access by logging onto the website at any time during the 12-week period. CAGE score, average number of alcoholic drinks consumed per drinking occasion, and alcohol consumption over the last week were collected from participants at pre- and post-survey.
RESULTS
A significant difference in pre- to post-survey mean difference of alcohol consumed per occasion was found, with those in the intervention condition displaying a larger mean decrease when compared to controls. No intervention effect was found for units of alcohol consumed per week or for CAGE scores. Sixty-three percent of intervention participants agreed that the feedback provided was useful. Those intervention participants who were above the CAGE cut off were more likely to report that the website would make them think more about the amount they drank.
CONCLUSIONS
Delivering an electronic personalised feedback intervention to students via the World Wide Web is a feasible and potentially effective method of reducing student alcohol intake. Further research is needed to replicate this outcome, evaluate maintenance of any changes, and investigate the process of interaction with web-based interventions.
Elsevier B.V.
2008-09
Article
NonPeerReviewed
text
en
attached
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/4472/1/bewickb1.pdf
Bewick, B.M., Trusler, K., Mulhern, B. et al. (2 more authors) (2008) The feasibility and effectiveness of a web-based personalised feedback and social norms alcohol intervention in UK university students: A randomised control trial. Addictive Behaviors, 33 (9). pp. 1192-1198. ISSN 0306-4603
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.05.002
doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.05.002
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:4473
2016-09-16T13:37:01Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E43505352
756E69743D4C65656473:4C656564732E46412D4D444845:4C656564732E52432D4D454453:4C656564732E53522D4C494853
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
696E737469747574696F6E3D4C65656473
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/4473/
The effectiveness of web-based interventions designed to decrease alcohol consumption – a systematic review
Bewick, B.M.
Trusler, K.
Barkham, M.
Hill, A.J.
Cahill, J.
Mulhern, B.
OBJECTIVE
To review the published literature on the effectiveness of web-based interventions designed to decrease consumption of alcohol and/or prevent alcohol abuse.
METHOD
Relevant articles published up to, and including, May 2006 were identified through electronic searches of Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, Cochrane Library, ASSIA, Web of Science and Science Direct. Reference lists of all articles identified for inclusion were checked for articles of relevance. An article was included if its stated or implied purpose was to evaluate a web-based intervention designed to decrease consumption of alcohol and/or to prevent alcohol abuse. Studies were reliably selected and quality-assessed, and data were independently extracted and interpreted by two authors.
RESULTS
Initial searches identified 191 articles of which 10 were eligible for inclusion. Of these, five provided a process evaluation only, with the remaining five providing some pre-to post-intervention measure of effectiveness. In general the percentage quality criteria met was relatively low and only one of the 10 articles selected was a randomized control trial.
CONCLUSION
The current review provides inconsistent evidence on the effectiveness of eIectronic screening and brief intervention (eSBI) for alcohol use. Process research suggests that web-based interventions are generally well received. However further controlled trials are needed to fully investigate their efficacy, to determine which elements are keys to outcome and to understand if different elements are required in order to engage low- and high-risk drinkers.
Elsevier B.V.
2008-07
Article
NonPeerReviewed
text
en
attached
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/4473/1/Bewickb2.pdf
Bewick, B.M., Trusler, K., Barkham, M. et al. (3 more authors) (2008) The effectiveness of web-based interventions designed to decrease alcohol consumption – a systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 47 (1). pp. 17-26. ISSN 0091-7435
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.01.005
doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.01.005
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:4474
2016-09-16T13:37:03Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E43505352
756E69743D4C65656473:4C656564732E46412D4D444845:4C656564732E52432D4D454453:4C656564732E53522D4C494853
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
696E737469747574696F6E3D4C65656473
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/4474/
Changes in undergraduate student alcohol consumption as they
progress through university
Bewick, B.M.
Mulhern, B.
Barkham, M.
Trusler, K.
Hill, A.J.
Stiles, W.B.
BACKGROUND:
Unhealthy alcohol use amongst university students is a major public health concern. Although previous studies suggest a raised level of consumption amongst the UK student
population there is little consistent information available about the pattern of alcohol consumption as they progress through university. The aim of the current research was to describe drinking patterns of UK full-time undergraduate students as they progress through their degree course.
METHOD:
Data were collected over three years from 5895 undergraduate students who began their studies in either 2000 or 2001. Longitudinal data (i.e. Years 1–3) were available from 225 students. The remaining 5670 students all responded to at least one of the three surveys (Year 1
n = 2843; Year 2 n = 2219; Year 3 n = 1805).
Results: Students reported consuming significantly more units of alcohol per week at Year 1 than at Years 2 or 3 of their degree. Male students reported a higher consumption of units of alcohol than their female peers. When alcohol intake was classified using the Royal College of Physicians
guidelines [1] there was no difference between male and females students in terms of the percentage exceeding recommended limits. Compared to those who were low level consumers students who reported drinking above low levels at Year 1 had at least 10 times the odds of continuing to consume above low levels at year 3. Students who reported higher levels of drinking were more likely to report that alcohol had a negative impact on their studies, finances and physical health. Consistent with the reduction in units over time students reported lower levels of negative
impact during Year 3 when compared to Year 1.
CONCLUSION:
The current findings suggest that student alcohol consumption declines over their undergraduate studies; however weekly levels of consumption at Year 3 remain high for a substantial number of students. The persistence of high levels of consumption in a large population
of students suggests the need for effective preventative and treatment interventions for all year
groups.
Biomed Central
2008-05
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
attached
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/4474/1/Bewickb3pdf.pdf
Bewick, B.M., Mulhern, B., Barkham, M. et al. (3 more authors) (2008) Changes in undergraduate student alcohol consumption as they progress through university. BMC Public Health, 8 (163). ISSN 1471-2458
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-163
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-163
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:4702
2016-06-09T10:31:10Z
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:4727
2013-02-08T16:56:47Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D626F6F6B5F73656374696F6E
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E534545
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/4727/
Combining SAWSDL, OWL-DL and UDDI for Semantically Enhanced Web Service Discovery
Kourtesis, Dimitrios
Paraskakis, Iraklis
UDDI registries are included as a standard offering within the product suite of any major SOA vendor, serving as the foundation for establishing design-time and run-time SOA governance. Despite the success of the UDDI specification and its rapid uptake by the industry, the capabilities of its offered service discovery facilities are rather limited. The lack of machine-understandable semantics in the technical specifications and classification schemes used for retrieving services, prevent UDDI registries from supporting fully automated and thus truly effective service discovery. This paper presents the implementation of a semantically-enhanced registry that builds on the UDDI specification and augments its service publication and discovery facilities to overcome the aforementioned limitations. The proposed solution combines the use of SAWSDL for creating semantically annotated descriptions of service interfaces and the use of OWL-DL for modelling service capabilities and for performing matchmaking via DL reasoning.
Springer Berlin / Heidelberg
2008-05-24
Book Section
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/4727/2/kourtesis_eswc2008.pdf
Kourtesis, Dimitrios and Paraskakis, Iraklis (2008) Combining SAWSDL, OWL-DL and UDDI for Semantically Enhanced Web Service Discovery. In: The Semantic Web: Research and Applications. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 5021/2 . Springer Berlin / Heidelberg , Germany , pp. 614-628. ISBN 978-3-540-68233-2
http://www.springerlink.com/content/4817452624145n42/
doi:10.1007/978-3-540-68234-9_45
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:4774
2013-02-08T16:56:56Z
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74797065733D626F6F6B5F73656374696F6E
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E534545
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/4774/
Web Service Discovery in the FUSION Semantic Registry
Kourtesis, Dimitrios
Paraskakis, Iraklis
The UDDI specification was developed as an attempt to address the key challenge of effective Web service discovery and has become a widely adopted standard. However, the text-based indexing and search mechanism that UDDI registries offer does not suffice for expressing unambiguous and semantically rich representations of service capabilities, and cannot support the logic-based inference capacity required for facilitating automated service matchmaking. This paper provides an overview of the approach put forward in the FUSION project for overcoming this important limitation. Our solution combines SAWSDL-based service descriptions with service capability profiling based on OWL-DL, and automated matchmaking through DL reasoning in a semantically extended UDDI registry.
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Abramowicz, W.
Fensel, D.
2008-05-01
Book Section
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/4774/1/kourtesis_bis2008.pdf
Kourtesis, Dimitrios and Paraskakis, Iraklis (2008) Web Service Discovery in the FUSION Semantic Registry. In: Abramowicz, W. and Fensel, D., (eds.) Business Information Systems : 11th International Conference, BIS 2008, Innsbruck, Austria, May 5-7, 2008. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 7 (9). Springer Berlin Heidelberg , Germany , pp. 285-296. ISBN 978-3-540-79395-3
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79396-0_25
doi:10.1007/978-3-540-79396-0_25
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:4775
2013-02-08T16:57:47Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D626F6F6B5F73656374696F6E
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E534545
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/4775/
Web Service Discovery in a Semantically Extended UDDI Registry: the Case of FUSION
Kourtesis, Dimitrios
Paraskakis, Iraklis
Friesen, Andreas
Gouvas, Panagiotis
Bouras, Athanasios
Service-oriented computing is being adopted at an unprecedented rate, making the effectiveness of automated service discovery an increasingly important challenge. UDDI has emerged as a de facto industry standard and fundamental building block within SOA infrastructures. Nevertheless, conventional UDDI registries lack means to provide unambiguous, semantically rich representations of Web service capabilities, and the logic inference power required for facilitating automated service discovery. To overcome this important limitation, a number of approaches have been proposed towards augmenting Web service discovery with semantics. This paper discusses the benefits of semantically extending Web service descriptions and UDDI registries, and presents an overview of the approach put forward in project FUSION, towards semantically-enhanced publication and discovery of services based on SAWSDL.
Springer
Camarinha-Matos, Luis
Afsarmanesh, Hamideh
Novais, Paulo
Analide, Cesar
2007-09-14
Book Section
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/4775/1/kourtesis_pro-ve2007.pdf
Kourtesis, Dimitrios, Paraskakis, Iraklis, Friesen, Andreas et al. (2 more authors) (2007) Web Service Discovery in a Semantically Extended UDDI Registry: the Case of FUSION. In: Camarinha-Matos, Luis, Afsarmanesh, Hamideh, Novais, Paulo and Analide, Cesar, (eds.) Establishing the Foundation of Collaborative Networks. IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, 243/20 . Springer , Boston , pp. 547-554. ISBN 978-0-387-73797-3
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73798-0_59
10.1007/978-0-387-73798-0_59
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:4820
2008-11-07T13:03:40Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D596F726B:596F726B2E46414333:596F726B2E594F523239
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E4E4748:536865666669656C642E414745
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E414745
696E737469747574696F6E3D596F726B
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6E6F5F646F63756D656E74735F617661696C61626C65
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/4820/
Impact of case management (Evercare) on frail elderly patients:
controlled before and after analysis of quantitative outcome data
Gravelle, H.
Dusheiko, M.
Sheaff, R.
Sargent, P.
Boaden, R.
Pickard, S.
Parker, S.
Roland, M.
Objectives: To determine the impact on outcomes in patients of the Evercare approach to case management of elderly people.
Design: Practice level before and after analysis of hospital admissions data with control group.
Setting: Nine primary care trusts in England that, in 2003-5, piloted case management of elderly people selected as being at high risk of emergency admission.
Main outcome measures: Rates of emergency admission, emergency bed days, and mortality from April 2001 to March 2005 in 62 Evercare practices and 6960-7695 control practices in England (depending on the analysis being carried out).
Results: The intervention had no significant effect on rates of emergency admission (increase 16.5%, (95% confidence interval –5.7% to 38.7%), emergency bed days (increase 19.0%, –5.3% to 43.2%), and mortality (increase 34.4%, –1.7% to 70.3%) for a high risk population aged >65 with a history of two or more emergency admissions in the preceding 13 months. For the general population aged 65 effects on the rates of emergency admission (increase 2.5%, –2.1% to 7.0%), emergency bed days (decrease –4.9%, –10.8% to 1.0%), and mortality (increase 5.5%, –3.5% to 14.5%) were also non-significant.
Conclusions: Case management of frail elderly people introduced an additional range of services into primary care without an associated reduction in hospital admissions. This may have been because of identification of additional cases. Employment of community matrons is now a key feature of case management policy in the NHS in England. Without more radical system redesign this policy is unlikely to reduce hospital admissions.
BMJ Publishing
2007-01-06
Article
PeerReviewed
Gravelle, H., Dusheiko, M., Sheaff, R. et al. (5 more authors) (2007) Impact of case management (Evercare) on frail elderly patients: controlled before and after analysis of quantitative outcome data. BMJ, 334 (7583). pp. 31-34. ISSN 0959-8146
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39020.413310.55
doi:10.1136/bmj.39020.413310.55
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:4825
2008-11-07T12:31:37Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E485252:536865666669656C642E4D4352
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E4D4352
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6E6F5F646F63756D656E74735F617661696C61626C65
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/4825/
Analysis of the distribution of time that patients spend in emergency
departments
Locker, T.E.
Mason, S.M.
The NHS Plan stated: "By 2004 no one should be waiting more than four hours in Accident and Emergency from arrival to admission, transfer or discharge." This target was changed to allow for certain clinical exceptions, and since January 2005, 98% of patients must spend less than four hours there. We analysed the distribution of time spent by patients in emergency departments in England.
BMJ Publishing
2005-05-21
Article
PeerReviewed
Locker, T.E. and Mason, S.M. (2005) Analysis of the distribution of time that patients spend in emergency departments. BMJ, 330 (7501). pp. 1188-1189. ISSN 0959-8146
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38440.588449.AE
doi:10.1136/bmj.38440.588449.AE
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:4828
2008-11-07T12:17:15Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D596F726B:596F726B2E46414333:596F726B2E594F523239
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E4E4748:536865666669656C642E414745
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E414745
696E737469747574696F6E3D596F726B
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6E6F5F646F63756D656E74735F617661696C61626C65
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/4828/
Follow up of people aged 65 and over with a history of emergency
admissions: analysis of routine admission data
Roland, M.
Dusheiko, M.
Gravelle, H.
Parker, S.
Objective: To determine the subsequent pattern of emergency admissions
in older people with a history of frequent emergency admissions.
Design: Analysis of routine admissions data from NHS hospitals using
hospital episode statistics (HES) in England.
Subjects: Individual patients aged greater than or equal to 65, greater
than or equal to 75, and greater than or equal to 85 who had at least
two emergency admissions in 1997-8.
Main outcome measures: Emergency admissions and bed use in this "high
risk" cohort of patients were counted for the next five years and
compared with the general population of the same age. No account was
taken of mortality as the analysis was designed to estimate the future
use of beds in this high risk cohort.
Results: Over four to five years, admission rates and bed use in the
high risk cohorts fell to the mean rate for older people. Although
patients greater than or equal to 65 with two or more such admissions
were responsible for 38% of admissions in the index year, they were
responsible for fewer than 10% of admissions' in the following year and
just over 3% five years later.
Conclusion: Patients with multiple emergency admissions are often
identified as a high risk group for subsequent admission and
substantial claims are made for interventions designed to avoid
emergency admission in such patients. Simply monitoring admission rates
cannot assess interventions designed to reduce admission among frail
older people as rates fall without any intervention. Comparison with a
matched control group is necessary. Wider benefits than reduced
admissions should be considered when introducing intensive case
management of older people.
BMJ Publishing
2005-02-05
Article
PeerReviewed
Roland, M., Dusheiko, M., Gravelle, H. et al. (1 more author) (2005) Follow up of people aged 65 and over with a history of emergency admissions: analysis of routine admission data. BMJ, 330 (7486). pp. 289-292. ISSN 0959-8146
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.330.7486.289
doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7486.289
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:5233
2014-06-07T04:01:18Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464341:536865666669656C642E454748:536865666669656C642E4C4954:536865666669656C642E434543
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E434543
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/5233/
Do you recognise this costume?
Millington, Peter
This illustrated article disusses a English mummers' costume, bearing the date 1829, that recently turned up at an antiques gallery in New York. Although the provenance is unknown, it is similar to the costumes of the clowns who accompanied swords dancers and plough plays in Yorkshire and the East Midlands. The closest match is with the clowns of the village of Bellerby, North Yorkshire, so it may have come from near there.
English Folk Dance and Song Society
2008
Article
NonPeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/5233/1/EDS_winter08_pp18-19.pdf
Millington, Peter (2008) Do you recognise this costume? English Dance & Song, 70 (4). pp. 18-19. ISSN 0013-8231
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:5783
2010-10-04T14:25:52Z
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:6943
2009-04-02T13:49:23Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E425348
756E69743D596F726B:596F726B2E46414332:596F726B2E594F523136
696E737469747574696F6E3D596F726B
7072696D6F3D6E6F5F646F63756D656E74735F617661696C61626C65
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/6943/
Estimating Utilities from individual health preference data: a nonparametric Bayesian method
Kharroubi, S.A.
O'Hagan, A.
Brazier, J.E.
A fundamental benefit that is conferred by medical treatments is to increase the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) that is experienced by patients. Various descriptive systems exist to define a patient's health state, and we address the problem of assigning an HRQOL value to any given state in such a descriptive system. Data derive from experiments in which individuals are asked to assign their personal values to various health states. We construct a Bayesian model that takes account of various important aspects of such data. Specifically, we allow for the repeated measures feature that each individual values several different states, and the fact that individuals vary markedly in their valuations, with some people consistently providing higher valuations than others. We model the relationship between HRQOL and health state nonparametrically. We illustrate our method by using data from an experiment in which 611 individuals each valued up to six states in the descriptive system known as the SF-6D system. Although the SF-6D system distinguishes 18000 different health states, only 249 of these were valued in this experiment. We provide posterior inference about the HRQOL values for all 18000 states.
Wiley-Blackwell
2005-04
Article
NonPeerReviewed
Kharroubi, S.A., O'Hagan, A. and Brazier, J.E. (2005) Estimating Utilities from individual health preference data: a nonparametric Bayesian method. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society; Series C (Applied Statistics), 54 (5). pp. 879-895. ISSN 1467-9876
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9876.2005.00511.x
10.1111/j.1467-9876.2005.00511.x
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:7690
2013-02-08T16:57:46Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464353:536865666669656C642E494E46
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E4B4252
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/7690/
Grouping of coefficients for the calculation of inter-molecular similarity and dissimilarity using 2D fragment bit-strings
Holliday, J.D.
Hu, C.-Y.
Willett, P.
This paper compares 22 different similarity coefficients when they are used for searching databases of 2D fragment bit-strings. Experiments with the National Cancer Institute's AIDS and IDAlert databases show that the coefficients fall into several well-marked clusters, in which the members of a cluster will produce comparable rankings of a set of molecules. These clusters provide a basis for selecting combinations of coefficients for use in data fusion experiments. The results of these experiments provide a simple way of increasing the effectiveness of fragment-based similarity searching systems.
Bentham Science Publishers
2002-03
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/7690/1/7690_holliday_hu_willett.pdf
Holliday, J.D., Hu, C.-Y. and Willett, P. (2002) Grouping of coefficients for the calculation of inter-molecular similarity and dissimilarity using 2D fragment bit-strings. Combinatorial Chemistry and High Throughput Screening, 5 (2). pp. 155-166. ISSN 1386-2073
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/cchts/2002/00000005/00000002/art00007
doi:10.2174/1386207024607338
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:7691
2013-02-08T16:57:46Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464353:536865666669656C642E494E46
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464345:536865666669656C642E414353
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E4B4252
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464350:536865666669656C642E43484D
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/7691/
Ligand-based virtual screening using binary kernel discrimination
Chen, B.
Harrison, R.F.
Hert, J.
Mpanhanga, C.
Willett, P.
Wilton, D.J.
This paper discusses the use of a machine-learning technique called binary kernel discrimination (BKD) for virtual screening in drug- and pesticide-discovery programmes. BKD is compared with several other ligand-based tools for virtual screening in databases of 2D structures represented by fragment bit-strings, and is shown to provide an effective, and reasonably efficient, way of prioritising compounds for biological screening.
Taylor & Francis
2005-07
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/7691/1/7691_chen_et_al_willett.pdf
Chen, B., Harrison, R.F., Hert, J. et al. (3 more authors) (2005) Ligand-based virtual screening using binary kernel discrimination. Molecular Simulation, 31 (8). pp. 597-604. ISSN 0892-7022
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927020500134177
10.1080/08927020500134177
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:7692
2013-02-08T16:57:50Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D626F6F6B5F73656374696F6E
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464353:536865666669656C642E494E46
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E4B4252
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/7692/
The Evaluation Of Molecular Similarity And Molecular Diversity Methods Using Biological Activity Data
Willett, P.
This paper reviews the techniques available for quantifying the effectiveness of methods for molecule similarity and molecular diversity, focusing in particular on similarity searching and on compound selection procedures. The evaluation criteria considered are based on biological activity data, both qualitative and quantitative, with rather different criteria needing to be used depending on the type of data available.
Humana Press
Bajorath, J.
2004
Book Section
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/7692/1/7692_willet.pdf
Willett, P. (2004) The Evaluation Of Molecular Similarity And Molecular Diversity Methods Using Biological Activity Data. In: Bajorath, J., (ed.) Chemoinformatics: Concepts, Methods, and Tools for Drug Discovery. Methods in Molecular Biology (275). Humana Press , New York , pp. 51-63. ISBN 978-1-59259-802-1
http://www.springerlink.com/content/m188176t44m14m86/
10.1385/1-59259-802-1:051
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:7971
2013-02-08T16:58:07Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E4E4748:536865666669656C642E414745
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E414745
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E485252
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/7971/
NeXOS - The design, development and evaluation of a rehabilitation system for the lower limbs
Bradley, David
Acosta-Marquez, C.
Hawley, Mark
Brownsell, Simon
Enderby, Pam
Mawson, S.
Recent years have seen the development of a number of automated and semi-automated systems to support physiotherapy and rehabilitation. These deploy a range of technologies from highly complex purpose built systems to approaches based around the use of industrial robots operating either individually or in combination for applications ranging from stroke rehabilitation to mobility enhancement. The NeXOS project set out to investigate an approach to the rehabilitation of the lower limbs in a way which brought together expertise in engineering design and mechatronics with specialists in rehabilitation and physiotherapy.
The result is prototype of a system which is potentially capable in operating in a number of modes from fully independent to providing direct support to a physiotherapist during manipulation of the limb. Designed around a low cost approach for an implementation ultimately capable of use in a patients home using web-based strategies for communication with their support team, the prototype NeXOS system has validated the adoption of an integrated approach to its development. The paper considers this design and development process and provides the results from the initial tests with physiotherapists to establish the operational basis for clinical implementation. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Elsevier
2009-03
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/7971/2/Hawley_NeXoOS.pdf
Bradley, David, Acosta-Marquez, C., Hawley, Mark et al. (3 more authors) (2009) NeXOS - The design, development and evaluation of a rehabilitation system for the lower limbs. Mechatronics, 19 (2). pp. 247-257. ISSN 0957-4158
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2008.07.006
doi:10.1016/j.mechatronics.2008.07.006
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:8080
2009-05-13T17:53:30Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464345:536865666669656C642E414353
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464353:536865666669656C642E494E46
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E4B4252
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6E6F5F646F63756D656E74735F617661696C61626C65
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/8080/
Combinatorial library design: using a multiobjective genetic algorithm
Gillet, V.J.
Khatib, W.
Willett, P.
Fleming, P.J.
Green, D.S.V.
Early results from screening combinatorial libraries have been disappointing with libraries either failing to deliver the improved hit rates that were expected or resulting in hits with characteristics that make them undesirable as lead compounds. Consequently, the focus in library design has shifted toward designing libraries that are optimized on multiple properties simultaneously, for example, diversity and druglike physicochemical properties. Here we describe the program MoSELECT that is based on a multiobjective genetic algorithm and which is able to suggest a family of solutions to multiobjective library design where all the solutions are equally valid and each represents a different compromise between the objectives. MoSELECT also allows the relationships between the different objectives to be explored with competing objectives easily identified. The library designer can then make an informed choice on which solution(s) to explore. Various performance characteristics of MoSELECT are reported based on a number of different combinatorial libraries.
American Chemical Society
2002-03
Article
PeerReviewed
Gillet, V.J., Khatib, W., Willett, P. et al. (2 more authors) (2002) Combinatorial library design: using a multiobjective genetic algorithm. Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences, 42 (2). pp. 375-385. ISSN 0095-2338
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci010375j
doi:10.1021/ci010375j
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:8113
2009-05-13T18:07:17Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464353:536865666669656C642E494E46
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E4B4252
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6E6F5F646F63756D656E74735F617661696C61626C65
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/8113/
Clustering files of chemical structures using the fuzzy k-means clustering method
Holliday, J.D.
Rodgers, S.L.
Willett, P.
Chen, M-Y.
Mahfouf, M.
Lawson, K.
Mullier, G.
This paper evaluates the use of the fuzzy k-means clustering method for the clustering of files of 2D chemical structures. Simulated property prediction experiments with the Starlist file of logP values demonstrate that use of the fuzzy k-means method can, in some cases, yield results that are superior to those obtained with the conventional k-means method and with Ward's clustering method. Clustering of several small sets of agrochemical compounds demonstrate the ability of the fuzzy k-means method to highlight multicluster membership and to identify outlier compounds, although the former can be difficult to interpret in some cases.
American Chemical Society
2004-05
Article
PeerReviewed
Holliday, J.D., Rodgers, S.L., Willett, P. et al. (4 more authors) (2004) Clustering files of chemical structures using the fuzzy k-means clustering method. Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences, 44 (3). pp. 894-902. ISSN 0095-2338
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci0342674
doi:10.1021/ci0342674
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:8114
2009-05-13T17:37:40Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464353:536865666669656C642E494E46
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E4B4252
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6E6F5F646F63756D656E74735F617661696C61626C65
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/8114/
Similarity searching using reduced graphs
Gillet, V.J.
Willett, P.
Bradshaw, J.
Reduced graphs provide summary representations of chemical structures. In this work, the effectiveness of reduced graphs for similarity searching is investigated. Different types of reduced graphs are introduced that aim to summarize features of structures that have the potential to form interactions with receptors while retaining the topology between the features. Similarity searches have been carried out across a variety of different activity classes. The effectiveness of the reduced graphs at retrieving compounds with the same activity as known target compounds is compared with searching using Daylight fingerprints. The reduced graphs are shown to be effective for similarity searching and to retrieve more diverse active compounds than those found using Daylight fingerprints; they thus represent a complementary similarity searching tool.
American Chemical Society
2003-03
Article
PeerReviewed
Gillet, V.J., Willett, P. and Bradshaw, J. (2003) Similarity searching using reduced graphs. Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences, 43 (2). pp. 338-345. ISSN 0095-2338
http://dx.doi.org.10.1021/ci025592e
doi:10.1021/ci025592e
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:8130
2009-05-13T18:04:23Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464353:536865666669656C642E494E46
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E4B4252
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6E6F5F646F63756D656E74735F617661696C61626C65
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/8130/
Calculation of inter-substituent similarity using R-group descriptors
Holliday, J.D.
Jelfs, S.P.
Willett, P.
Gedeck, P.
This paper discusses the calculation of the similarities between pairs of substituents on ring systems. An R-group descriptor characterizes the distribution of some atom-based property, such as elemental type or partial atomic charge, at increasing numbers of bonds distant from the point of substitution on the parent ring. The similarity between a pair of descriptors is then calculated by a comparison of the corresponding property vectors. Experiments with the BIOSTER database demonstrate the ability of such similarity measures to discriminate between bioisosteric and nonbioisosteric functional groups.
American Chemical Society
2003-03
Article
PeerReviewed
Holliday, J.D., Jelfs, S.P., Willett, P. et al. (1 more author) (2003) Calculation of inter-substituent similarity using R-group descriptors. Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences, 43 (2). pp. 406-411. ISSN 0095-2338
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci025589v
doi:10.1021/ci025589v
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:8136
2009-05-13T17:38:37Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464345:536865666669656C642E414353
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464353:536865666669656C642E494E46
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E4B4252
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6E6F5F646F63756D656E74735F617661696C61626C65
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/8136/
Designing focused libraries using MoSELECT
Gillet, V.J.
Willett, P.
Fleming, P.J.
Green, D.V.S.
When designing a combinatorial library it is usually desirable to optimise multiple properties of the library simultaneously and often the properties are in competition with one another. For example, a library that is designed to be focused around a given target molecule should ideally have minimum cost and also contain molecules that are bioavailable. In this paper, we describe the program MoSELECT for multiobjective library design that is based on a multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA). MoSELECT searches the product-space of a virtual combinatorial library to generate a family of equivalent solutions where each solution represents a combinatorial subset of the virtual library optimised over multiple objectives. The family of solutions allows the relationships between the objectives to be explored and thus enables the library designer to make an informed choice on an appropriate compromise solution. Experiments are reported where MoSELECT has been applied to the design of various focused libraries.
Elsevier
2002-06
Article
PeerReviewed
Gillet, V.J., Willett, P., Fleming, P.J. et al. (1 more author) (2002) Designing focused libraries using MoSELECT. Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, 20 (6). pp. 491-498. ISSN 1093-3263
http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/S1093-3263(01)00150-4
doi:10.1016/S1093-3263(01)00150-4
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:8650
2015-11-18T22:19:26Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464350:536865666669656C642E4D4153
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E485252:536865666669656C642E4D4352
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E4D4352
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E485252:536865666669656C642E48434D
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/8650/
The multiple sclerosis risk sharing scheme monitoring study - early results and lessons for the future
Pickin, M.
Cooper, C.L.
Chater, T.
O'Hagan, A.
Abrams, K.R.
Cooper, N.J.
Boggild, M.
Palace, J.
Ebers, G.
Chilcott, J.
Tappenden, P.
Nicholl, J.
Background: Risk sharing schemes represent an innovative and important approach to the problems of rationing and achieving cost-effectiveness in high cost or controversial health interventions. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of risk sharing schemes, looking at long term clinical outcomes, to determine the price at which high cost treatments would be acceptable to the NHS.
Methods: This case study of the first NHS risk sharing scheme, a long term prospective cohort study of beta interferon and glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis ( MS) patients in 71 specialist MS centres in UK NHS hospitals, recruited adults with relapsing forms of MS, meeting Association of British Neurologists (ABN) criteria for disease modifying therapy. Outcome measures were: success of recruitment and follow up over the first three years, analysis of baseline and initial follow up data and the prospect of estimating the long term cost-effectiveness of these treatments.
Results: Centres consented 5560 patients. Of the 4240 patients who had been in the study for a least one year, annual review data were available for 3730 (88.0%). Of the patients who had been in the study for at least two years and three years, subsequent annual review data were available for 2055 (78.5%) and 265 (71.8%) patients respectively. Baseline characteristics and a small but statistically significant progression of disease were similar to those reported in previous pivotal studies.
Conclusion: Successful recruitment, follow up and early data analysis suggest that risk sharing schemes should be able to deliver their objectives. However, important issues of analysis, and political and commercial conflicts of interest still need to be addressed.
BioMed Central
2009-01-06
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/8650/1/Pickin_1.pdf
Pickin, M., Cooper, C.L., Chater, T. et al. (9 more authors) (2009) The multiple sclerosis risk sharing scheme monitoring study - early results and lessons for the future. BMC Neurology, 9. Art. No.1. ISSN 1471-2377
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-9-1
10.1186/1471-2377-9-1
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:8745
2014-09-19T19:58:27Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464345:536865666669656C642E454545
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E5F5243:536865666669656C642E434E54
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/8745/
Quantum well and dot self-aligned stripe lasers utilizing an InGaP optoelectronic confinement layer
Groom, K.M
Stevens, B.J
Assamoi, P.J
Roberts, J.S
Hugues, M
Childs, D.T.D
Alexander, R.R
Hopkinson, M
Helmy, A.S
Hogg, R.A
We demonstrate and study a novel process for fabrication of GaAs-based self-aligned lasers based upon a single over-growth. A lattice-matched n-doped InGaP layer is utilized for both electrical and optical confinements. Single-lateral-mode emission is demonstrated initially from an In0.17Ga0.83 As double quantum well laser emitting similar to 980 nm. We then apply the fabrication technique to a quantum dot laser emitting similar to 1300 nm. Furthermore, we analyze the breakdown mechanism in our devices and discuss the limitations of index guiding in our structures.
IEEE
2009-05
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/8745/2/Groom_1.pdf
Groom, K.M, Stevens, B.J, Assamoi, P.J et al. (7 more authors) (2009) Quantum well and dot self-aligned stripe lasers utilizing an InGaP optoelectronic confinement layer. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 15 (3). pp. 819-827. ISSN 1077-260X
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2008.2011654
10.1109/JSTQE.2008.2011654
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:8751
2013-02-08T16:58:39Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/8751/
Thermal and chemical unfolding and refolding of a eukaryotic sodium channel
Charalambous, K.
O'Reilly, A.O.
Bullough, P.A.
Wallace, B.A.
Voltage-gated sodium channels are dynamic membrane proteins essential for signaling in nervous and muscular systems. They undergo substantial conformational changes associated with the closed, open and inactivated states. However, little information is available regarding their conformational stability. In this study circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to investigate the changes in secondary structure accompanying chemical and thermal denaturation of detergent-solubilised sodium channels isolated from Electrophorus electricus electroplax. The proteins appear to be remarkably resistant to either type of treatment, with "denatured" channels, retaining significant helical secondary structure even at 77 degrees C or in 10% SDS. Further retention of helical secondary structure at high temperature was observed in the presence of the channel-blocking tetrodotoxin. It was possible to refold the thermally-denatured (but not chemically-denatured) channels in vitro. The correctly refolded channels were capable of undergoing the toxin-induced conformational change indicative of ligand binding. In addition, flux measurements in liposomes showed that the thermally-denatured (but not chemically-denatured) proteins were able to re-adopt native, active conformations. These studies suggest that whilst sodium channels must be sufficiently flexible to undergo major conformational changes during their functional cycle, the proteins are highly resistant to unfolding, a feature that is important for maintaining structural integrity during dynamic processes. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Elsevier
2009-06
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/8751/4/Wallaceb.pdf
Charalambous, K., O'Reilly, A.O., Bullough, P.A. et al. (1 more author) (2009) Thermal and chemical unfolding and refolding of a eukaryotic sodium channel. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Biomembranes, 1788 (6). pp. 1279-1286. ISSN 0005-2736
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.02.005
10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.02.005
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