2024-03-29T14:18:55Z
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/cgi/oai2
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:114
2014-06-04T20:26:08Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355:536865666669656C642E52504D
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/114/
Exceptional sperm cooperation in the wood mouse
Moore, H.
Dvorakova, K.
Jenkins, N.
Breed, W.
Spermatozoa from a single male will compete for fertilization of ova with spermatozoa from another male when present in the female reproductive tract at the same time. Close genetic relatedness predisposes individuals towards altruism, and as haploid germ cells of an ejaculate will have genotypic similarity of 50%, it is predicted that spermatozoa may display cooperation and altruism to gain an advantage when inter-male sperm competition is intense. We report here the probable altruistic behaviour of spermatozoa in an eutherian mammal. Spermatozoa of the common wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, displayed a unique morphological transformation resulting in cooperation in distinctive aggregations or 'trains' of hundreds or thousands of cells, which significantly increased sperm progressive motility. Eventual dispersal of sperm trains was associated with most of the spermatozoa undergoing a premature acrosome reaction. Cells undergoing an acrosome reaction in aggregations remote from the egg are altruistic in that they help sperm transport to the egg but compromise their own fertilizing ability.
2002-07-11
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/114/1/moorhd1.pdf
Moore, H., Dvorakova, K., Jenkins, N. et al. (1 more author) (2002) Exceptional sperm cooperation in the wood mouse. Nature, 418 (6894). pp. 174-177. ISSN 0028-0836
http://www.nature.com/nature
doi:10.1038/nature00832
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:197
2014-06-04T13:24:36Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464350:536865666669656C642E424953:536865666669656C642E4D4242
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464350:536865666669656C642E424953:536865666669656C642E415053
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355:536865666669656C642E52504D
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/197/
No evidence for killer sperm or other selective interactions between human spermatozoa in ejaculates of different males in vitro
Moore, H.D.M.
Martin, M.
Birkhead, T.R.
This study examines one of the possible mechanisms of sperm competition, i.e. the kamikaze sperm hypothesis. This hypothesis states that sperm from different males interact to incapacitate each other in a variety of ways. We used ejaculates from human donors to compare mixes of semen in vitro from the same or different males. We measured the following parameters: (i) the degree of sperm aggregation, velocity and proportion of morphologically normal sperm after 1 and 3 h incubation in undiluted semen samples, (ii) the proportion of viable sperm plus the same parameters as in (i) in 'swim-up' sperm suspensions after 1 and 3 h incubation, (iii) the degree of self and non-self sperm aggregation using fluorescent dyes to distinguish the sperm of different males, and (iv) the extent of sperm capacitation and acrosome-reacted sperm in mixtures of sperm from the same and different males. We observed very few significant changes in sperm aggregation or performance in mixtures of sperm from different males compared with mixtures from the same male and none that were consistent with previously reported findings. The incapacitation of rival sperm therefore seems an unlikely mechanism of sperm competition in humans.
1999-12-07
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/197/1/birkheadtr4.pdf
Moore, H.D.M., Martin, M. and Birkhead, T.R. (1999) No evidence for killer sperm or other selective interactions between human spermatozoa in ejaculates of different males in vitro. Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B: Biological Sciences, 266 (1436). p. 2343. ISSN 1471-2954
http://www.journals.royalsoc.ac.uk./openurl.asp?genre=article&id=doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0929
doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0929
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:265
2014-06-05T21:31:22Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/265/
The incidence of hypoglycaemia in children with type 1 diabetes and treated asthma
Wright, N.P.
Wales, J.K.H.
AIMS: To investigate whether treatment of coexisting asthma has any effect on the incidence of hypoglycaemia and on glycaemic control in children with type 1 diabetes.
METHODS: An observational study of children attending the paediatric diabetes clinics of five hospitals in the North Trent Region. Information on the frequency of hypoglycaemia in the preceding three months, treatment for asthma, and the individual’s latest HbA1c, was recorded when they attended for review.
RESULTS: Data were collected on 226 children, of whom 27 (12%) had treated asthma. Only 11/27 children with asthma were taking their prescribed inhaled steroids. All used ß agonists at least once a week. There was a reduction of 20% in the incidence of hypoglycaemia in the diabetic children with treated asthma. Of the children with diabetes and treated asthma, 52% reported an episode of hypoglycaemia in the previous three months compared to 72% of those with only diabetes. There was no difference in the proportion of children experiencing nocturnal or severe hypoglycaemia. Although not significant, those with asthma and diabetes also had better overall control (HbA1c 8.8%) compared to those with diabetes alone (HbA1c 9.3%).
CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic children with treated asthma have significantly fewer episodes of hypoglycaemia and better glycaemic control compared to children with diabetes alone. This observation needs further investigation but raises an interesting question. Do the drugs used to treat asthma, in particular ß agonists, have the therapeutic potential to reduce hypoglycaemia and facilitate an improvement in glycaemic control?
2003-02
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/265/1/walesjkh1.pdf
Wright, N.P. and Wales, J.K.H. (2003) The incidence of hypoglycaemia in children with type 1 diabetes and treated asthma. Archives of Diseases in Childhood, 88 (2). pp. 155-156. ISSN 0003-9888
http://adc.bmjjournals.com/
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:266
2014-06-06T22:29:45Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/266/
Symptomatic adrenal insufficiency during inhaled corticosteroid treatment
Patel, L.
Wales, J.K.H.
Kibirige, M.S.
Massarano, A.A.
Couriel, J.M.
Clayton, P.E.
Symptomatic adrenal insufficiency, presenting
as hypoglycaemia or poor weight
gain, may occur on withdrawal of corticosteroid
treatment but has not previously
been reported during inhaled corticosteroid
treatment. This case series illustrates
the occurence of clinically
significant adrenal insufficiency in asthmatic
children while patients were on
inhaled corticosteroid treatment and the
unexpected modes of presentation. General
practitioners and paediatricians need
to be aware that this unusual but acute
serious complication may occur in patients
treated.
2001-10
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/266/1/walesjkh2.pdf
Patel, L., Wales, J.K.H., Kibirige, M.S. et al. (3 more authors) (2001) Symptomatic adrenal insufficiency during inhaled corticosteroid treatment. Archives of Diseases in Childhood, 85 (4). pp. 330-333. ISSN 0003-9888
http://www.archdischild.com/
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:357
2014-06-04T19:56:58Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/357/
Activating Mutations in the Gene Encoding
the ATP-Sensitive Potassium-Channel Subunit
Kir6.2 and Permanent Neonatal Diabetes
Gloyn, A.L.
Pearson, E.R.
Antcliff, J.F.
Proks, P.
Bruining, G.J.
Slingerland, A.S.
Howard, N.
Srinivasan, S.
Silva, J.M.C.L.
Molnes, J.
Edghill, E.L.
Frayling, T.M.
Temple, K.
Mackay, D.
Shield, J.P.H.
Sumnik, Z.
van Rhijn, A.
Wales, J.K.H.
Clark, P.
Gorman, S.
Aisenberg, J.
Ellard, S.
Njolstad, P.R.
Ashcroft, F.M.
Hattersley, A.T.
Background Patients with permanent neonatal diabetes usually present within the first three months of life and require insulin treatment. In most, the cause is unknown. Because ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels mediate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cells, we hypothesized that activating mutations in the gene encoding the Kir6.2 subunit of this channel (KCNJ11) cause neonatal diabetes.
Methods We sequenced the KCNJ11 gene in 29 patients with permanent neonatal diabetes. The insulin secretory response to intravenous glucagon, glucose, and the sulfonylurea tolbutamide was assessed in patients who had mutations in the gene.
Results Six novel, heterozygous missense mutations were identified in 10 of the 29 patients. In two patients the diabetes was familial, and in eight it arose from a spontaneous mutation. Their neonatal diabetes was characterized by ketoacidosis or marked hyperglycemia and was treated with insulin. Patients did not secrete insulin in response to glucose or glucagon but did secrete insulin in response to tolbutamide. Four of the patients also had severe developmental delay and muscle weakness; three of them also had epilepsy and mild dysmorphic features. When the most common mutation in Kir6.2 was coexpressed with sulfonylurea receptor 1 in Xenopus laevis oocytes, the ability of ATP to block mutant KATP channels was greatly reduced.
Conclusions Heterozygous activating mutations in the gene encoding Kir6.2 cause permanent neonatal diabetes and may also be associated with developmental delay, muscle weakness, and epilepsy. Identification of the genetic cause of permanent neonatal diabetes may facilitate the treatment of this disease with sulfonylureas.
2004-04-29
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/357/1/walesjkh3.pdf
Gloyn, A.L., Pearson, E.R., Antcliff, J.F. et al. (22 more authors) (2004) Activating Mutations in the Gene Encoding the ATP-Sensitive Potassium-Channel Subunit Kir6.2 and Permanent Neonatal Diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine, 350 (18). pp. 1838-1849. ISSN 1533-4406
http://content.nejm.org/
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:418
2014-06-10T14:50:59Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/418/
A comparison of ultrasonic and mechanical stadiometry
Watt, V.
Pickering, M.
Wales, J.K.H.
AIM: To compare an ultrasonic height measuring device (Gulliver) with mechanical stadiometry and the classical "book and tape measure" method.
METHODS: Blinded duplicate measurements of height were made on each of 14 children by a pair of observers using a stadiometer (H) and Gulliver (G). Height was measured on a further 18 children by parents and an auxologist using Gulliver and the book and tape method (TM), and the results were compared with those obtained with a single stadiometry measurement. Finally, measurement of a rigid metal box was made on 10 occasions by the three methods.
RESULTS: In the group of 14 children, the mean difference (range) in height (H minus G) was +2.8 cm (+0.5 to +4.55 cm), with H giving a systematically higher value in 276 of 280 individual measurements. In the group of 18 children, height by H was greater than by G or TM in 47 of 52 individual measurements. The mean (SD) height of the box by H (61.60 (0.07) cm) was greater than by G (60.96 (0.15) cm; p < 0.001) but not TM (61.4 (0.16) cm; p > 0.05). G and TM produced three times less reliable estimations of height than H, but with a large difference in cost, and there was evidence of systematic underrecording of height by 0.5 cm with G.
CONCLUSIONS: Stadiometry is precise and reproducible, and can detect true changes in height over one month periods in mid-childhood, and should remain the standard way of observing growth. The book and tape method can produce clinically acceptable quarterly estimations of height that can be performed in the home.
1998-03
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/418/1/walesjkh4.pdf
Watt, V., Pickering, M. and Wales, J.K.H. (1998) A comparison of ultrasonic and mechanical stadiometry. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 78 (3). pp. 269-270. ISSN 1468-2044
http://adc.bmjjournals.com/
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:421
2014-06-04T16:21:13Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464345:536865666669656C642E4D4154
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355:536865666669656C642E4D5059
756E69743D596F726B:596F726B2E46414332:596F726B2E594F5232
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464345:536865666669656C642E434F4D
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
696E737469747574696F6E3D596F726B
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/421/
The Epitheliome: agent-based modelling of the social behaviour of cells
Walker, D.C.
Southgate, J.
Hill, G.
Holcombe, M.
Hose, D.R.
Wood, S.M.
Mac Neil, S.
Smallwood, R.H. [r.smallwood@shef.ac.uk]
We have developed a new computational modelling paradigm for predicting the emergent behaviour
resulting from the interaction of cells in epithelial tissue. As proof-of-concept, an agent-based model,
in which there is a one-to-one correspondence between biological cells and software agents, has been
coupled to a simple physical model. Behaviour of the computational model is compared with the
growth characteristics of epithelial cells in monolayer culture, using growth media with low and
physiological calcium concentrations. Results show a qualitative fit between the growth characteristics
produced by the simulation and the in vitro cell models.
2004-08
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/421/1/Walker_2003_The_epitheliome_-_agent_based_modelling_of_the_social_behaviour_of_cells.pdf
Walker, D.C., Southgate, J., Hill, G. et al. (5 more authors) (2004) The Epitheliome: agent-based modelling of the social behaviour of cells. BioSystems, 76 (1-3). pp. 89-100. ISSN 0303-2647
http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/506017/description#description
doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2004.05.025
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:471
2014-06-12T12:01:48Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/471/
Monitoring serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio and leptin during growth hormone treatment for disordered growth
Tillman, V.
Patel, L.
Gill, M.S.
Whatmore, A.J.
Price, D.A.
Kibirige, M.S.
Wales, J.K.
Clayton, P.E.
OBJECTIVE: Serum IGF-I levels are monitored during
GH replacement treatment in adults with GH defi-
ciency (GHD) to guide GH dose adjustment and to
minimize occurrence of GH-related side-effects. This
is not routine practice in children treated with GH. The
aim of this study was to evaluate changes in (1) serum
IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio, and (2)
serum leptin, an indirect marker of GH response,
during the first year of GH treatment in children with
disordered growth.
DESIGN: An observational prospective longitudinal
study with serial measurements at five time points
during the first year of GH treatment was carried out.
Each patient served as his/her own control.
PATIENTS The study included 31 patients, grouped
as (1) GHD (n=20) and (2) non-GHD (Turner syndrome
n=7; Noonan syndrome n=4), who had not previously
received GH treatment.
MEASUREMENTS: Serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and leptin
levels were measured before treatment and after
6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months of GH
treatment, with a mean dose of 0.5 IU/kg/wk in GHD
and 0.7 IU/kg/wk in non-GHD groups. IGF-I, IGFBP-3
and the calculated IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio were
expressed as SD scores using reference values from
the local population.
RESULTS: In the GHD group, IGF-I SDS before treatment was lower compared with the non-GHD (-5.4 ± 2.5 vs. -1.8 ± 1.0; P < 0.001). IGF-I (-1.8 SDS ± 2.2) and IGFBP-3 (-1.1 SDS ± 0.6) levels and their molar ratios were highest at 6 weeks and remained relatively constant thereafter. In the non-GHD group, IGF-I levels increased throughout the year and were maximum at 12 months (0.3 SDS ± 1.4) while IGFBP-3 (1.1 SDS ± 0.9) and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio peaked at 6 months. In both groups, IGF-I SDS and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 during treatment correlated with the dose of GH expressed as IU/m2/week (r-values 0.77 to 0.89; P = 0.005) but not as IU/kg/week. Serum leptin levels decreased significantly during GH treatment in the GHD (median before treatment 4.0 g/l; median after 12 months treatment 2.4 g/l; P = 0.02) but not the non-GHD (median before treatment 3.0 g/l; median after 12 months treatment 2.6 g/l). In the GHD group, serum leptin before treatment correlated with 12 month change in height SDS (r = 0.70, P = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and
their molar ratio during the first year of GH treatment
differed between the GHD and non-GHD groups. Calculation
of GH dose by surface area may be preferable
to calculating by body weight. As a GH dose-dependent
increase in serum IGF-I and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 may
be associated with adverse effects, serum IGF-I and
IGFBP-3 should be monitored routinely during longterm
GH treatment. Serum leptin was the only variable
that correlated with first year growth response in
GHD.
2000-09
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/471/1/walesjkh5.pdf
Tillman, V., Patel, L., Gill, M.S. et al. (5 more authors) (2000) Monitoring serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio and leptin during growth hormone treatment for disordered growth. Clinical Endocrinology, 53 (3). pp. 329-336. ISSN 0300-0664
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:549
2014-06-08T02:42:52Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/549/
Orthoptic status before and immediately after heroin detoxification
Firth, A.Y.
Pulling, S.
Carr, M.P.
Beaini, A.Y.
Aim: To determine whether changes in orthoptic status take place during withdrawal from heroin and/or methadone.
Method: A prospective study of patients, using a repeated measures design, attending a 5 day naltrexone compressed opiate detoxification programme.
Results: 83 patients were seen before detoxification (mean age 27.1 (SD 4.6) years) and 69 after detoxification. The horizontal angle of deviation became less exo/more eso at distance (p<0.001) but no significant change was found at near (p = 0.069). Stereoacuity, visual acuity, and convergence were found to be reduced in the immediate post-detoxification period. Prism fusion range, refractive error, subjective accommodation, and objective accommodation at 33 cm did not reduce but a small decrease was found in objective accommodation at 20 cm.
Conclusions: The eso trend found in these patients may be responsible for the development of acute concomitant esotropia in some patients undergoing heroin detoxification. However, the mechanism for this trend does not appear to be caused by divergence insufficiency or sixth nerve palsy.
2004-09
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/549/1/firthay1.pdf
Firth, A.Y., Pulling, S., Carr, M.P. et al. (1 more author) (2004) Orthoptic status before and immediately after heroin detoxification. British Journal of Ophthalmology, 88 (9). pp. 1186-1190. ISSN 1468-2079
http://bjo.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/88/9/1186
doi:10.1136/bjo.2003.032334
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:550
2014-06-07T16:39:00Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/550/
Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of
inhaled fluticasone propionate in infants with chronic
lung disease
Beresford, M.W.
Primhak, R.A.
Subhedar, N.V.
Shaw, N.J.
In a double blind randomised controlled trial, 30 infants with chronic lung disease received fluticasone propionate or placebo for one year. There were no significant differences between treatment groups in the incidence of any day or night time symptoms or any other outcome measures
2002-07
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/550/1/primhakr1.pdf
Beresford, M.W., Primhak, R.A., Subhedar, N.V. et al. (1 more author) (2002) Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of inhaled fluticasone propionate in infants with chronic lung disease. Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 87 (1). F62-F63. ISSN 1359-2998
http://fn.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/87/1/F62
doi:10.1136/fn.87.1.F62
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:551
2014-06-08T13:46:52Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/551/
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Primhak, R.A.
Tanner, M.S.
α-1 antitrypsin is synthesised in the liver and protects lung alveolar tissues from destruction by neutrophil elastase. α-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a common autosomal recessive condition (1:1600 to 1:1800) in which liver disease results from retention of abnormal polymerised α-1 antitrypsin in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes, and emphysema results from alveolar wall damage. The clinical consequences of α-1 antitrypsin deficiency in childhood are haemorrhagic disease in infancy, cholestasis in infancy, or chronic liver disease. Lung disease attributable to α-1 antitrypsin deficiency does not occur in childhood, but is closely linked to smoking in adults. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, panniculitis, and necrotising vasculitis are associations with α-1 antitrypsin deficiency in adult life.
2001-07
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/551/1/primhakr2.pdf
Primhak, R.A. and Tanner, M.S. (2001) Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 85 (1). pp. 2-5. ISSN 1468-2044
http://adc.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/85/1/2
doi:10.1136/adc.85.1.2
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:552
2014-06-08T03:31:42Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/552/
Survey of respiratory sounds in infants
Elphick, H.E.
Sherlock, P.
Foxall, G.
Simpson, E.J.
Shiell, N.A.
Primhak, R.A.
Everard, M.L.
Background: Over the last decade there
has been an apparent increase in childhood
wheeze. We speculated that much of
the reported increase may be attributed to
the term wheeze being adopted by parents
to describe a variety of other forms of
noisy breathing.
Aims: To investigate terminology used by
parents to describe their children’s breath
sounds.
Methods: An interview was carried out
with the parents of 92 infants with noisy
breathing, beginning with an open question
and then directed towards a more
detailed description. Finally, the parents
were asked to choose from a wheeze,
ruttle, and stridor on imitation by the
investigator and video clips of children.
Results: Wheeze was the most commonly
chosen word on initial questioning (59%).
Only 36% were still using this term at the
end of the interview, representing a decrease
of one third, whereas the use of the
word ruttles doubled.
Conclusions: Our results reflect the degree
of inaccuracy involved in the use of
the term wheeze in clinical practice,
which may be leading to over diagnosis.
Imprecise use of this term has potentially
important implications for therapy and
clinical trials.
2001-01
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/552/1/primhakr3.pdf
Elphick, H.E., Sherlock, P., Foxall, G. et al. (4 more authors) (2001) Survey of respiratory sounds in infants. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 84 (1). pp. 35-39. ISSN 1468-2044
http://adc.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/84/1/35
doi:10.1136/adc.84.1.35
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:572
2014-06-08T10:16:41Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/572/
Increasing prevalence of asthma diagnosis and symptoms in children is confined to mild symptoms
Ng Man Kwong, G.
Proctor, A.
Billings, C.
Duggan, R.
Das, C.
Whyte, M.K.B.
Powell, C.V.E.
Primhak, R.A.
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of childhood asthma is increasing but few studies have investigated trends in asthma severity. We investigated trends in asthma diagnosis and symptom morbidity between an eight year time period in a paired prevalence study.
METHODS: All children in one single school year aged 8-9 years in the city of Sheffield were given a parent respondent questionnaire in 1991 and 1999 based on questions from the International Survey of Asthma and Allergy in Children (ISAAC). Data were obtained regarding the prevalence of asthma and wheeze and current (12 month) prevalences of wheeze attacks, speech limiting wheeze, nocturnal cough and wheeze, and exertional symptoms.
RESULTS: The response rates in 1991 and 1999 were 4580/5321 (85.3%) and 5011/6021 (83.2%), respectively. There were significant increases between the two surveys in the prevalence of asthma ever (19.9% v 29.7%, mean difference 11.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 10.16 to 13.57, p<0.001), current asthma (10.3% v 13.0%, mean difference 2.7%, 95% CI 1.44 to 4.03, p<0.001), wheeze ever (30.3% v 35.8%, mean difference 5.7%, 95% CI 3.76 to 7.56, p<0.001), wheeze in the previous 12 months (17.0% v 19.4%, mean difference 2.5, 95% CI 0.95 to 4.07, p<0.01), and reporting of medication use (16.9% v 20%, mean difference 3.0%, 95% CI 1.46 to 4.62, p<0.001). There were also significant increases in reported hayfever and eczema diagnoses.
CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic labelling of asthma and lifetime prevalence of wheeze has increased. The current 12 month point prevalence of wheeze has increased but this is confined to occasional symptoms. The increased medication rate may be responsible for the static prevalence of severe asthma symptoms. The significant proportion of children receiving medication but reporting no asthma symptoms identified from our 1999 survey suggests that some children are being inappropriately treated or overtreated.
2001-04
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/572/1/primhakr4.pdf
Ng Man Kwong, G., Proctor, A., Billings, C. et al. (5 more authors) (2001) Increasing prevalence of asthma diagnosis and symptoms in children is confined to mild symptoms. Thorax, 56 (4). pp. 312-314. ISSN 0040-6376
http://thorax.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/56/4/312
doi:10.1136/thorax.56.4.312
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:577
2014-06-05T08:07:27Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/577/
Diagnostic and treatment behaviour in children with chronic respiratory symptoms: relationship with socioeconomic factors
Ng Man Kwong, G.
Das, C.
Proctor, A.R.
Whyte, M.K.B.
Primhak, R.A.
Background: The prevalence and severity of asthma is believed to increase with increasing socioeconomic
deprivation. The relationship between asthma diagnosis, symptoms, diagnostic accuracy, and
socioeconomic deprivation as determined by Townsend scores was determined in Sheffield schoolchildren.
Methods: All 6021 schoolchildren aged 8–9 years in one school year in Sheffield were given a parent
respondent survey based on International Survey of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)
questions.
Results: 5011/6021 (83.2%) questionnaires were returned. Postcode data were available in 4131
replies (82.4%) and were used to assign a composite deprivation score (Townsend score). Scores were
divided into five quintiles, with group 1 being least and group 5 being most deprived. A positive trend
was observed from group 1 to group 5 for the prevalence of wheeze in the previous 12 months,
wheeze attacks >4/year, nocturnal wheeze and cough (all p<0.001), cough and/or wheeze “most
times” with exertion (p<0.03), current asthma (p<0.001), and significant asthma symptoms (p<0.001).
No significant trend was observed for lifetime wheeze or attacks of speech limiting wheeze. There were
no significant trends in the prevalence of current asthmatic children without significant symptoms (overdiagnosis)
or children with significant asthma symptoms but no current asthma diagnosis (underdiagnosis)
across the social groups. There was a significant negative trend in the ratio of asthma medication
to asthma diagnosis from least to most deprived groups (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Asthma morbidity and severity increase according to the level of socioeconomic deprivation.
This may be due to differences in environment, asthma management, and/or symptom reporting.
Diagnostic accuracy does not vary significantly across deprivation groups but children living in
areas of least deprivation and taking asthma medication are less likely to be labelled as having
asthma, suggesting diagnostic labelling bias.
2002-08
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/577/1/primhakr5.pdf
Ng Man Kwong, G., Das, C., Proctor, A.R. et al. (2 more authors) (2002) Diagnostic and treatment behaviour in children with chronic respiratory symptoms: relationship with socioeconomic factors. Thorax, 57 (8). pp. 701-704. ISSN 0040-6376
http://thorax.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/57/8/701
doi:10.1136/thorax.57.8.701
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:578
2014-06-07T14:52:00Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/578/
Home oxygen for children: who, how and when?
Balfour-Lynn, I.M.
Primhak, R.A.
Shaw, B.N.J.
A review of the specific requirements of home oxygen therapy in children which attempts to offer guidance to clinicians and service providers.
2005-01
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/578/1/primhakr6.pdf
Balfour-Lynn, I.M., Primhak, R.A. and Shaw, B.N.J. (2005) Home oxygen for children: who, how and when? Thorax, 60 (1). pp. 76-81. ISSN 0040-6376
http://thorax.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/60/1/76
doi:10.1136/thx.2004.031211
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:596
2014-06-07T17:57:48Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/596/
Heroin and diplopia
Firth, A.Y.
Aims: To describe the eye misalignments that occur during heroin use and heroin detoxification and to give an overview of the management of persisting diplopia (double vision) which results from eye misalignment.
Methods: A literature review using Medline and the search terms strabismus, heroin and substance withdrawal syndrome is presented. General management of cases presenting to the ophthalmologist and orthoptist with acute acquired concomitant esotropia is described.
Findings: A tendency towards a divergence of the visual axes appears to be present in heroin users, although when present it may not always lead to diplopia. Following detoxification intermittent esotropia or constant esotropia (convergence of the visual axes) can occur; if intermittent the angle tends to be small and diplopia present when viewing distance objects. Occlusion of one eye to eliminate the second image could encourage the development of a constant deviation. The deviation is not caused by a cranial nerve palsy. Constant deviations of this type are classified as 'acute acquired concomitant esotropia'. Relief from the diplopia may be gained by prismatic correction, and the deviation may then resolve spontaneously. Botulinum toxin or surgical intervention may be necessary in cases that do not resolve.
Conclusions: Heroin use may lead to intermittent or constant exotropia and withdrawal may result in intermittent or constant esotropia. Awareness of the mechanism causing this may avoid referral to other specialties (e.g. neurology) and awareness of treatment modalities could encourage patients to seek appropriate help for relief of symptoms.
2005-01
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/596/1/firthay2.pdf
Firth, A.Y. (2005) Heroin and diplopia. Addiction, 100 (1). pp. 46-50. ISSN 0965-2140
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.00915.x
doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.00915.x
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:597
2014-06-05T06:18:13Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/597/
Class A drug abuse: an ophthalmologist's problem?
Firth, A.Y.
[First Paragraph]
The 2002/3 British Crime Survey reported that 3% of all 16 to 59 year olds (equating to around one million people) had used a class A drug in the last year. Use of a class A drug in the 16-24 year old age group (8%) has remained similar since 1996. Use of cocaine and crack cocaine are on the increase. For the first time since 1996 the use of ecstasy has decreased. Poly drug use is not uncommon. During the year 2000/1, 118,500 patients were in treatment with drug misuse agencies and general practitioners. Ocular sequelae from illicit drug use are varied, affecting visual acuity, visual perception, ocular posture or motility, the globe itself or its adnexa. Large studies are not available to allow us to quantify the problem, and many of the reports are of single cases or small case series. However, an awareness of possible problems which may arise from the use of class A drugs may alert the clinician to this as the aetiology of a condition presenting to them.
2005-06
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/597/1/firthay3.pdf
Firth, A.Y. (2005) Class A drug abuse: an ophthalmologist's problem? Eye, 19 (6). pp. 609-610. ISSN 1476-5454
http://www.nature.com/eye/journal/v19/n6/full/6701624a.html
doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6701624
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:598
2017-09-01T19:01:53Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/598/
Visual side effects from transdermal scopolamine (Hyoscine)
Firth, A.Y.
Walker, K.
Transdermal scopolamine may be used to reduce sialorrhea in children with special needs. Side effects include dilated pupils and reduced accommodation. Two children, both epileptic, one with cerebral palsy and one with spinal dysraphism, who have undergone treatment for drooling with transdermal scopolamine are presented. Near visual acuity was reduced, and both cases showed dilated pupils with reduced or no response to light, these responses became normal on cessation of the scopolamine patch. As the effect of this drug may be cumulative, and patients unable to communicate difficulties, clinicians need to be aware of these possible side effects.
Cambridge University Press
2006-02
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/598/2/firthay4.pdf
Firth, A.Y. and Walker, K. (2006) Visual side effects from transdermal scopolamine (Hyoscine). Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 48 (2). pp. 137-138. ISSN 1469-8749
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0012162206000296
doi:10.1017/S0012162206000296
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:599
2014-06-04T18:06:45Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/599/
Heroin withdrawal as a possible cause of acute concomitant esotropia in adults
Firth, A.Y.
Aim: To report the possible effects of heroin withdrawal on binocular vision.
Methods: To present a case series of patients in whom esotropia developed on cessation of heroin use.
Results: In each case the esotropia was concomitant and prismatic correction restored binocular single vision. Intermittent spontaneous control occurred in one patient, the deviation resolved in one and one patient was lost to follow-up.
Conclusions: Heroin withdrawal should be considered as a cause of acute concomitant esotropia. However, accurate history of other medication is needed to ensure that this is not the cause of decompensation.
2001-04
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/599/1/firthay5.pdf
Firth, A.Y. (2001) Heroin withdrawal as a possible cause of acute concomitant esotropia in adults. Eye, 15 (2). pp. 189-192. ISSN 1476-5454
http://www.nature.com/eye/index.html
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:620
2014-06-04T18:44:50Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/620/
Editorial stance on duplicate and salami publication
Firth, A.Y.
In this edition of the British Orthoptic Journal the notice
to contributors has been amended. The sentence ‘Papers
are considered for publication on the understanding that
they are not being submitted elsewhere at the same time’
has been extended to address the problem of duplicate
publication and now appears under ‘Terms of submission’.
2002
Article
NonPeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/620/1/firthay7.pdf
Firth, A.Y. (2002) Editorial stance on duplicate and salami publication. British Orthoptic Journal, 2002 (59). pp. 1-2. ISSN 0068-2314
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:621
2014-06-09T22:21:42Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/621/
Sixty yet still active!
Firth, A.Y.
The British Orthoptic Society published the first British
Orthoptic Journal in 1939, the second appeared in 1944
then, with the exception of 1946, annually. In the first
copy of the British Orthoptic Journal the editorial
outlines the events leading up to the formation of the
British Orthoptic Society, and this and the subsequent
history of the Society is described in the 1987 editorial,
the year of the Society’s Golden Jubilee. In the
president’s letter published in that first edition, Mary
Maddox wrote: ‘This journal will afford a method of
recording the progress of orthoptics.’
2003
Article
NonPeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/621/1/firthay8.pdf
Firth, A.Y. (2003) Sixty yet still active! British Orthoptic Journal, 60. p. 1. ISSN 0068-2314
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:622
2014-06-04T21:00:22Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/622/
Blur point versus indistinguishable point in assessment of accommodation: objective and subjective findings in
early presbyopes
Goodall, E.
Firth, A.Y.
Aim: To measure the distance from the eye and the
refraction of the eye at the point at which print blurs
and the point at which it becomes unreadable.
Methods: Subjective accommodation in 7 early
presbyopic subjects (mean age 45 years), with no
additional near correction, was tested using 6/12
reduced Snellen and 6/12 Lea symbols. The point at
which blur was first noticed and the point at which
the print became indistinguishable were noted in
centimetres. Objective measures of refraction were
taken at each of these points.
Results: Subjective and objective results for reduced
Snellen and Lea symbols were similar ( p = 0.91;
p = 0.81) as were the points where the print was no
longer distinguishable ( p = 0.23; p = 0.72). The difference between the blur point and the indistinguishable
point measured in centimetres for both the
reduced Snellen text and Lea symbols were statistically
significant ( p = 0.005; p = 0.0001). The objective
measures for these points, however, were not
statistically different ( p = 0.32 and p = 0.63, respectively).
Conclusion: A clinically significant difference exists
in the distance from the eyes between the point at
which text blurs and the point at which it becomes
indistinguishable. No significant change occurs in
accommodation when measured objectively after the
blur point. It is recommended that the end point of
this test is the point at which print starts to blur.
2003
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/622/1/firthay9.pdf
Goodall, E. and Firth, A.Y. (2003) Blur point versus indistinguishable point in assessment of accommodation: objective and subjective findings in early presbyopes. British Orthoptic Journal, 60. pp. 41-44. ISSN 0068-2314
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:623
2014-06-07T04:15:34Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/623/
Quantifying the vertical fusion range at four distances of fixation in a normal population.
Ulyat, K.
Firth, A.Y.
Griffiths, H.J.
Aim: To compare the vertical fusional amplitudes in
isometropic participants with normal binocular
single vision at four distances of fixation: 33 cm,
1 m, 4 m, 6 m.
Methods: Vertical fusion ranges (break point and
recovery point) were measured with a Gulden
vertical prism bar with the participant fixing a 6/12
Snellen equivalent letter, twice at each distance.
Order effects were controlled with randomisation of
both fixation distance and prism direction.
Results: Twenty-seven participants were examined
(aged 20.4 ± 1.05 years). Base up and base down
measurements were similar, therefore measurements
were combined to give a total vertical range. Median
values for the break points were: 33 cm, 6(Δ) ; 1 m, 6(Δ);
4 m, 5.5(Δ); 6 m, 5.5(Δ); and for the recovery points were:
33 cm, 4(Δ); 1 m, 4(Δ); 4 m, 3.5(Δ); 6 m, 3.5(Δ). The
difference was significant between either of the near
measures (i.e. 33 cm and 1 m) and either of the far
measures (i.e. 4 m and 6 m).
Conclusions: The vertical fusion range appears to be
slightly greater at near than distance. However, the
difference is not clinically significant. Measurements
for distance, in a normal population, appear to be the
same whether a fixation distance of 4 m or 6 m is
used.
2004
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/623/1/firthay10.pdf
Ulyat, K., Firth, A.Y. and Griffiths, H.J. (2004) Quantifying the vertical fusion range at four distances of fixation in a normal population. British and Irish Orthoptic Journal, 1. pp. 43-45. ISSN 0068-2314
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:624
2014-06-05T00:14:15Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/624/
Ocular sequelae from the illicit use of class A drugs
Firth, A.Y.
Aim: To highlight the changes that may take place in
the visual system of the class A drug abuser.
Methods: A literature review was carried out of
ocular/visual sequelae of the more common class A
drugs. These include stimulants (cocaine and crack
cocaine), narcotics (heroin, morphine, methadone)
and hallucinogenics (ecstasy, lysergic acid diethylamide,
magic mushrooms, mescaline, phencyclidine).
Results: Ocular sequelae affecting visual acuity, the
eye and its adnexa, ocular posture and ocular motility
can result from recreational use of these drug(s).
Conclusions: Awareness of the consequences of illicit
drug use should lead to more pertinent questioning
during history-taking.
2004
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/624/1/firthay11.pdf
Firth, A.Y. (2004) Ocular sequelae from the illicit use of class A drugs. British and Irish Orthoptic Journal, 1. pp. 10-18. ISSN 0068-2314
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:625
2014-06-05T16:30:14Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/625/
Is there a relationship between prism fusion range and vergence facility?
Melville, A.C.
Firth, A.Y.
Aim: To investigate the relationship between prism
fusion range (PFR) and vergence facility (VF)
measurements in subjects with normal binocular
vision.
Methods: Twenty-eight subjects (mean age 19 ± 1
years) with normal binocular single vision (BSV)
underwent measurement of the PFR and VF in a
varied order, at a test distance of 1/3 m. The PFR
measurements recorded were the base out (BO) range
to blur and break point and base in (BI) range to
break point. The total PFR was calculated. The VF
was assessed over a 1 min time period using a 12(Δ)BO/
3(Δ)BI flip prism and recorded in cycles per minute
(cpm).
Results: No correlation was demonstrable between
any of the single measures of the PFR and the VF
results. The BO PFR to break point and the BI PFR
results obtained (means 46(Δ) BO and 14(Δ) BI) were not
significantly different from quoted ‘normal’ values.
The VF results obtained (mean 12 ± 4.2 cpm) were
found to be significantly different from the reported
mean value.
Conclusion: In a group of young adults with normal
BSV, no correlation between PFR and VF was found.
The two tests may quantify different aspects of
vergence or, alternatively, results of one or both tests
in this study may be unreliable.
2002
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/625/1/firthay12.pdf
Melville, A.C. and Firth, A.Y. (2002) Is there a relationship between prism fusion range and vergence facility? British Orthoptic Journal, 59. pp. 38-44. ISSN 0068-2314
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:626
2014-06-07T20:50:24Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/626/
Prism vergence measurements following adaptation to a base out prism
Tuff, L.C.
Firth, A.Y.
Griffiths, H.J.
This study examines the effect of adaptation on the prism vergence range following an induced deviation. Five young adult subjects, with normal binocular functions, underwent fusional verfence testing to base in prisms before and after wearing a 10(Δ) base out Fresnel prism. The Fresnel prism was worn for a period of 2, 5, or 10 min on each of three separate occasions. The base in fusional vergence showed no statistical difference before or after adaptation, for any of the time periods. Also there was no difference in the ranges obtained over the three time periods. It was concluded that, even after a 2 min period of adaptation, fusional vergences return to a similar level as before the horizontal deviation was induced.
2000
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/626/1/firthay6.pdf
Tuff, L.C., Firth, A.Y. and Griffiths, H.J. (2000) Prism vergence measurements following adaptation to a base out prism. British Orthoptic Journal, 57. pp. 42-44. ISSN 0068-2314
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1079
2014-06-06T02:35:59Z
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1079/
Protocol for: Sheffield Obesity Trial (SHOT): A randomised controlled trial of exercise therapy and mental health outcomes in obese adolescents [ISRCNT83888112]
Daley, A.J.
Copeland, R.J.
Wright, N.P.
Wales, J.K.H.
Background
While obesity is known to have many physiological consequences, the psychopathology of this condition has not featured prominently in the literature. Cross-sectional studies have indicated that obese children have increased odds of experiencing poor quality of life and mental health. However, very limited trial evidence has examined the efficacy of exercise therapy for enhancing mental health outcomes in obese children, and the Sheffield Obesity Trial (SHOT) will provide evidence of the efficacy of supervised exercise therapy in obese young people aged 11–16 years versus usual care and an attention-control intervention.
Method/design
SHOT is a randomised controlled trial where obese young people are randomised to receive; (1) exercise therapy, (2) attention-control intervention (involving body-conditioning exercises and games that do not involve aerobic activity), or (3) usual care. The exercise therapy and attention-control sessions will take place three times per week for eight weeks and a six-week home programme will follow this. Ninety adolescents aged between 11–16 years referred from a children's hospital for evaluation of obesity or via community advertisements will need to complete the study. Participants will be recruited according to the following criteria: (1) clinically obese and aged 11–16 years (Body Mass Index Centile > 98th UK standard) (2) no medical condition that would restrict ability to be active three times per week for eight weeks and (3) not diagnosed with insulin dependent diabetes or receiving oral steroids. Assessments of outcomes will take place at baseline, as well as four (intervention midpoint) and eight weeks (end of intervention) from baseline. Participants will be reassessed on outcome measures five and seven months from baseline. The primary endpoint is physical self-perceptions. Secondary outcomes include physical activity, self-perceptions, depression, affect, aerobic fitness and BMI.
2005-10-31
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1079/1/bmc_1471-2458-5-113.pdf
Daley, A.J., Copeland, R.J., Wright, N.P. et al. (1 more author) (2005) Protocol for: Sheffield Obesity Trial (SHOT): A randomised controlled trial of exercise therapy and mental health outcomes in obese adolescents [ISRCNT83888112]. BMC Public Health, 5 (113). ISSN 1471-2458
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/5/113
doi:10.1186/1471-2458-5-113
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1091
2014-06-08T16:15:44Z
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74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
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https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1091/
Early increases in plasminogen activator activity following partial hepatectomy in humans
Mangnall, D.
Smith, K.
Bird, N.C.
Majeed, A.W.
Background
Increases in urokinase-like plasminogen activator (uPA) activity are reported to be amongst the earliest events occurring in remnant liver following partial hepatectomy in rats, and have been proposed as a key component of the regenerative response. Remodelling of the extracellular matrix, conversion of single chain hepatocyte growth factor to the active two-chain form and a possible activation of a mitogenic signalling pathway have all been ascribed to the increased uPA activity. The present study aimed to determine whether similar early increases in uPA activity could be detected in the remnant liver following resection of metastatic tumours in surgical patients.
Results
Eighteen patients undergoing partial hepatectomy for the removal of hepatic metastases secondary to primary colonic tumours were studied. Increased plasminogen activator activity was found in the final liver samples for the group of patients in whom the resection size was at least 50%. For smaller resections, the increased activity was not observed. The increased activity did not correlate with the age of the patient or with the time between the start of resection and the end of the operation. There was, however, a negative correlation between plasminogen activator activity and the time for which blood supply to the liver was clamped.
Conclusions
Our findings are in accordance with those from experimental animal models and show, for the first time, that rapid increases in plasminogen activator activity can occur following similarly large liver resection in humans. Thus, increases in plasminogen activator activity are an early event in the remnant liver following major liver resection in man. Our observations provide support for the contention that increases in plasminogen activators play a key role in the initiation of hepatic regeneration in man.
2004-12-23
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1091/1/bmc_1476-5926-3-11.pdf
Mangnall, D., Smith, K., Bird, N.C. et al. (1 more author) (2004) Early increases in plasminogen activator activity following partial hepatectomy in humans. Comparative Hepatology, 3 (11). ISSN 1476-5926
http://www.comparative-hepatology.com/content/3/1/11
doi:10.1186/1476-5926-3-11
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1096
2014-06-06T18:53:16Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1096/
Direct visualization of electroporation-assisted in vivo gene delivery to tumors using intravital microscopy – spatial and time dependent distribution
Cemazar, M.
Wilson, I.
Dachs, G.U.
Tozer, G.M.
Sersa, G.
Background
Electroporation is currently receiving much attention as a way to increase drug and DNA delivery. Recent studies demonstrated the feasibility of electrogene therapy using a range of therapeutic genes for the treatment of experimental tumors. However, the transfection efficiency of electroporation-assisted DNA delivery is still low compared to viral methods and there is a clear need to optimize this approach. In order to optimize treatment, knowledge about spatial and time dependency of gene expression following delivery is of utmost importance in order to improve gene delivery. Intravital microscopy of tumors growing in dorsal skin fold window chambers is a useful method for monitoring gene transfection, since it allows non-invasive dynamic monitoring of gene expression in tumors in a live animal.
Methods
Intravital microscopy was used to monitor real time spatial distribution of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and time dependence of transfection efficiency in syngeneic P22 rat tumor model. DNA alone, liposome-DNA complexes and electroporation-assisted DNA delivery using two different sets of electric pulse parameters were compared.
Results
Electroporation-assisted DNA delivery using 8 pulses, 600 V/cm, 5 ms, 1 Hz was superior to other methods and resulted in 22% increase in fluorescence intensity in the tumors up to 6 days post-transfection, compared to the non-transfected area in granulation tissue. Functional GFP was detected within 5 h after transfection. Cells expressing GFP were detected throughout the tumor, but not in the surrounding tissue that was not exposed to electric pulses.
Conclusions
Intravital microscopy was demonstrated to be a suitable method for monitoring time and spatial distribution of gene expression in experimental tumors and provided evidence that electroporation-assisted gene delivery using 8 pulses, 600 V/cm, 5 ms, 1 Hz is an effective method, resulting in early onset and homogenous distribution of gene expression in the syngeneic P22 rat tumor model.
2004-11-16
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1096/1/bmc_1471-2407-4-81.pdf
Cemazar, M., Wilson, I., Dachs, G.U. et al. (2 more authors) (2004) Direct visualization of electroporation-assisted in vivo gene delivery to tumors using intravital microscopy – spatial and time dependent distribution. BMC Cancer, 4 (81). ISSN 1471-2407
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/4/81
doi:10.1186/1471-2407-4-81
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1099
2014-06-04T17:55:24Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355:536865666669656C642E534153
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E47454D:536865666669656C642E4F4350
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7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1099/
Role of tumour necrosis factor gene polymorphisms (-308 and -238) in breast cancer susceptibility and severity
Azmy, I.A.F.
Balasubramanian, S.P.
Wilson, A.G.
Stephenson, T.J.
Cox, A.
Brown, N.J.
Reed, M.W.R.
Introduction
Genetic polymorphisms in the promoter region of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) gene can regulate gene expression and have been associated with inflammatory and malignant conditions. We have investigated two polymorphisms in the promoter of the TNF gene (-308 G>A and -238 G>A) for their role in breast cancer susceptibility and severity by means of an allelic association study.
Methods
Using a case–control study design, breast cancer patients (n = 709) and appropriate age-matched and sex-matched controls obtained from the Breast Screening Unit (n = 498) were genotyped for these TNF polymorphisms, using a high-throughput allelic discrimination method.
Results
Allele frequencies for both polymorphisms were similar in both breast cancer cases and controls. However, the -308 polymorphism was found to be associated with vascular invasion in breast tumours (P = 0.024). Comparison with other standard prognostic indices did not show any association for either genotype.
Conclusions
We demonstrated no association between the -308G>A polymorphism and the -238G>A polymorphism in the promoter region of TNF and susceptibility to breast cancer, in a large North European population. However, the -308 G>A polymorphism was found to be associated with the presence of vascular invasion in breast tumours.
2004-05-24
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1099/1/bmc_bcr802.pdf
Azmy, I.A.F., Balasubramanian, S.P., Wilson, A.G. et al. (4 more authors) (2004) Role of tumour necrosis factor gene polymorphisms (-308 and -238) in breast cancer susceptibility and severity. Breast Cancer Research, 6 (4). R395 -R400. ISSN 1465-542X
http://breast-cancer-research.com/content/6/4/R395
doi:10.1186/bcr802
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1913
2014-06-05T19:08:40Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355:536865666669656C642E4D5059
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355:536865666669656C642E52504D
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464345:536865666669656C642E434F4D
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1913/
Comparison of human uterine cervical electrical impedance measurements derived using two tetrapolar probes of different sizes
Gandhi, S.V.
Walker, D.C.
Brown, B.H.
Anumba, D.O.C.
BACKGROUND
We sought to compare uterine cervical electrical impedance spectroscopy measurements employing two probes of different sizes, and to employ a finite element model to predict and compare the fraction of electrical current derived from subepithelial stromal tissue.
METHODS
Cervical impedance was measured in 12 subjects during early pregnancy using 2 different sizes of the probes on each subject.
RESULTS
Mean cervical resistivity was significantly higher (5.4 vs. 2.8 Ωm; p < 0.001) with the smaller probe in the frequency rage of 4–819 kHz. There was no difference in the short-term intra-observer variability between the two probes. The cervical impedance measurements derived in vivo followed the pattern predicted by the finite element model.
CONCLUSION
Inter-electrode distance on the probes for measuring cervical impedance influences the tissue resistivity values obtained. Determining the appropriate probe size is necessary when conducting clinical studies of resistivity of the cervix and other human tissues.
BioMed Central
2006-11-24
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1913/1/gandhisv1.pdf
Gandhi, S.V., Walker, D.C., Brown, B.H. et al. (1 more author) (2006) Comparison of human uterine cervical electrical impedance measurements derived using two tetrapolar probes of different sizes. BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 5 (62). ISSN 1475-925X
http://www.biomedical-engineering-online.com/content/5/1/62
doi:10.1186/1475-925X-5-62
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:1915
2014-06-05T21:40:49Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1915/
Case report: intra-tendinous ganglion of the anterior cruciate ligament in a young footballer
Rolf, C.
Watson, T.P.
A 20-year-old male medical student and keen rugby player presented with a 12-month history of progressively worsening right knee pain and stiffness with no history of trauma. Clinical examination revealed effusion and posterior knee pain exacerbated by end range movement and an extension lag of 15 degrees. Physiotherapy to improve the range of motion proved unsuccessful. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the ACL was grossly thickened and displaced by material reported as mucoid in nature. There were also areas of focally high signal in relation to its tibial attachment and intra osseous small cysts. Arthroscopic examination revealed a ganglion related to the tibial attachment of the ACL and gross thickening and discoloration of the ACL. Biopsies were taken showing foci of mucoid degeneration in the ACL. A large intra-ACL mass of brownish coloured tissue was excised arthroscopically. Already at 2 weeks follow up the patient had greatly improved range of movement and was pain free. However, upon returning to rugby, joint instability was noticed and a tear of the ACL was confirmed.
This rare clinical condition can be diagnosed with MRI and arthroscopic debridement effectively relieves symptoms. This case report illustrates that augmentation or reconstruction may end up being the definitive treatment for athletes. It may also offer some support to the argument that mucoid degeneration and ganglion cyst formation share a similar pathogenesis to intra-osseous cyst formation.
BioMed Central
2006-11-02
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/1915/1/rolfc1.pdf
Rolf, C. and Watson, T.P. (2006) Case report: intra-tendinous ganglion of the anterior cruciate ligament in a young footballer. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 1 (11). ISSN 1749-799X
http://www.josr-online.com/content/1/1/11
doi:10.1186/1749-799X-1-11
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:2012
2014-06-05T05:59:33Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464350:536865666669656C642E424953:536865666669656C642E415053
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355:536865666669656C642E52504D
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/2012/
By hook or by crook? Morphometry, competition and cooperation in rodent sperm
Immler, S.
Moore, H.D.M.
Breed, W.G.
Birkhead, T.R.
Background
Sperm design varies enormously across species and sperm competition is thought to be a major factor influencing this variation. However, the functional significance of many sperm traits is still poorly understood. The sperm of most murid rodents are characterised by an apical hook of the sperm head that varies markedly in extent across species. In the European woodmouse Apodemus sylvaticus (Muridae), the highly reflected apical hook of sperm is used to form sperm groups, or “trains,” which exhibited increased swimming velocity and thrusting force compared to individual sperm.
Methodology/Principal Findings
Here we use a comparative study of murine rodent sperm and demonstrate that the apical hook and sperm cooperation are likely to be general adaptations to sperm competition in rodents. We found that species with relatively larger testes, and therefore more intense sperm competition, have a longer, more reflected apical sperm hook. In addition, we show that sperm groups also occur in rodents other than the European woodmouse.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that in rodents sperm cooperation is more widespread than assumed so far and highlight the importance of diploid versus haploid selection in the evolution of sperm design and function.
PLoS
2007-01-24
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/2012/1/immlers3.pdf
Immler, S., Moore, H.D.M., Breed, W.G. et al. (1 more author) (2007) By hook or by crook? Morphometry, competition and cooperation in rodent sperm. PLoS ONE, 2 (1). e170. ISSN 1932-6203
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000170
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000170
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3536
2016-10-25T17:42:51Z
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756E69743D4C65656473:4C656564732E46412D4D444845:4C656564732E52432D4D454453:4C656564732E53522D4C494853:4C656564732E44492D41554845
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355:536865666669656C642E534153
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E485252
696E737469747574696F6E3D4C65656473
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3536/
Effectiveness of appropriately trained nurses in preoperative assessment: randomised controlled equivalence/non-inferiority trial
Kinley, H.
Czoski-Murray, C.
George, S.
McCabe, C.
Primrose, J.
Reilly, C.
Wood, R.
Nicolson, P.
Healy, C.
Read, S.
Norman, J.
Janke, E.
Alhameed, H.
Fernandes, N.
Thomas, E.
Objective
To determine whether preoperative assessments carried out by appropriately trained nurses are inferior in quality to those carried out by preregistration house officers.
Design
Randomised controlled equivalence/non-inferiority trial. Setting Four NHS hospitals in three trusts. Three of the four were teaching hospitals.
Participants
All patients attending for assessment before general anaesthesia for general, vascular, urological, or breast surgery between April 1998 and March 1999.
Intervention
Assessment by one of three appropriately trained nurses or by one of several preregistration house officers.
Main outcome measures
History taken, physical examination, and investigations ordered. Measures evaluated by a specialist registrar in anaesthetics and placed in four categories: correct, overassessment, underassessment not affecting management, and underassessment possibly affecting management (primary outcome).
Results
1907 patients were randomised, and 1874 completed the study; 926 were assessed by house officers and 948 by nurses. Overall 121/948 (13%) assessments carried out by nurses were judged to have possibly affected management compared with 138/926 (15%) of those performed by house officers. Nurses were judged to be non-inferior to house officers in assessment, although there was variation among them in terms of the quality of history taking. The house officers ordered considerably more unnecessary tests than the nurses (218/926 (24%) v 129/948 (14%).
Conclusions
There is no reason to inhibit the development of nurse led preoperative assessment provided that the nurses involved receive adequate training. However, house officers will continue to require experience in preoperative assessment.
BMJ Publishing
2002-12-07
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
attached
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3536/1/wrightj8.pdf
Kinley, H., Czoski-Murray, C., George, S. et al. (12 more authors) (2002) Effectiveness of appropriately trained nurses in preoperative assessment: randomised controlled equivalence/non-inferiority trial. BMJ, 325 (7376). pp. 1323-1326. ISSN 0959-535X
http://www.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/325/7376/1323
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7376.1323
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:3703
2013-02-08T16:55:52Z
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756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355:536865666669656C642E4D5059
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3703/
Dosimetric verification of the anisotropic analytical algorithm for radiotherapy treatment planning
Bragg, C.
Conway, J.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:
To investigate the accuracy of photon dose calculations performed by the Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm, in homogeneous and inhomogeneous media and in simulated
treatment plans.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Predicted dose distributions were compared with ionisation chamber and film
measurements for a series of increasingly complex situations. Initially, simple and complex fields in a
homogeneous medium were studied. The effect of inhomogeneities was investigated using a range of
phantoms constructed of water, bone and lung substitute materials. Simulated treatment plans were
then produced using a semi-anthropomorphic phantom and the delivered doses compared to the doses predicted by the Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm.
RESULTS:
In a homogeneous medium, agreement was found to be within 2% dose or 2mm dta in most
instances. In the presence of heterogeneities, agreement was generally to within 2.5%. The simulated
treatment plan measurements agreed to within 2.5% or 2mm.
Conclusions: The accuracy of the algorithm was found to be satisfactory at 6MV and 10MV both in homogeneous and inhomogeneous situations and in the simulated treatment plans. The algorithm was more accurate than the Pencil Beam Convolution model, particularly in the presence of low density heterogeneities.
Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
2006-12
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3703/1/conwayj1pdf.pdf
Bragg, C. and Conway, J. (2006) Dosimetric verification of the anisotropic analytical algorithm for radiotherapy treatment planning. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 81 (3). pp. 315-323. ISSN 0167-8140
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2006.10.020
doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2006.10.020
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:9265
2014-06-07T15:25:22Z
7374617475733D707562
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756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355:536865666669656C642E4D5059
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355:536865666669656C642E52504D
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/9265/
Reproducibility and repeatability of measuring the electrical impedance of the pregnant human cervix-the effect of probe size and applied pressure
Jokhi, R.P.
Ghule, V.V.
Brown, B.H.
Anumba, D.O.C.
Background: The utility of cervical electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as a diagnostic tool is being investigated in clinical trials. We sought to assess the reliability of two different sizes of tetrapolar probes used in measuring cervical impedance.
Methods: Cervical transfer impedance was measured at 14 frequencies between 76 and 625 000 Hz from 11 pregnant subjects at term. Repeated measurements were taken with two probes (3 mm and 12 mm diameter) applied softly (approximately 0.7 Newton of force), and firmly (approximately 2.2 Newton) to the surface of the cervix by two observers. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV) and repeatability standard deviations (SD) were derived from these measurements and compared.
Results: Measurements taken by one observer were highly repeatable for both probes as demonstrated by high ICC and low CV values. Probe performance was improved further by firm application. Firm application of the 3 mm probe resulted in ICC values that ranged from 0.936 to 0.986 (p = 0.0001) and CV values between 1.0 and 3.4%. Firm pressure with the 12 mm probe resulted in ICC values that ranged between 0.914 and 0.988 (p = 0.0001) with CV values between 0.7 and 2.1%. In addition, the repeatability SD was low across all frequencies implying that there was low intra-observer variability. Measurements taken by 2 observers with firm application of the 12 mm probe demonstrated moderate reproducibility between 9.8 and 156 kHz, the frequency range in which previous clinical studies have shown predictive association between high cervical resistivity and vaginal delivery: ICC values ranged between 0.528 and 0.638 (p < 0.05), CV values were between 3.3 and 5.2% and reproducibility SD values were also low. In contrast the 3 mm probe demonstrated poor reproducibility at all study frequencies.
Conclusion: Measuring cervical resistivity by a single observer with both the 3 and 12 mm probes is highly repeatable whilst inter-observer reproducibility is poor with the 3 mm probe but moderately good when the 12 mm probe is firmly applied to the cervix in the frequency range 9.8 to 156 kHz, consistent with our observations of probe performance in clinical trials.
BioMed Central
2009-06-17
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/9265/1/Anumba_Reproducibility.pdf
Jokhi, R.P., Ghule, V.V., Brown, B.H. et al. (1 more author) (2009) Reproducibility and repeatability of measuring the electrical impedance of the pregnant human cervix-the effect of probe size and applied pressure. Biomedical Engineering Online, 8. Art no.10. ISSN 1475-925X
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-925X-8-10
10.1186/1475-925X-8-10
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:9679
2009-10-01T14:43:30Z
7374617475733D707562
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756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355:536865666669656C642E52504D
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355:536865666669656C642E4D5059
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6E6F5F646F63756D656E74735F617661696C61626C65
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/9679/
The role of cervical Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy in the prediction of the course and outcome of induced labour
Jokhi, R.
Brown, B.
Anumba, D.
BACKGROUND:
Previous work by us and others had suggested that cervical electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) may be predictive of the outcome of induced labour. We sought to determine which probe configuration of the EIS device is predictive of the outcome of induced labour and compare this to digital assessment by the Bishop score.
METHODS:
In a prospective cohort of 205 women admitted for induction of labour, we used four probes of diameter 3, 6, 9 and 12 mm connected to an impedance meter to measure cervical resistivity (CR) in Ohm.meters at 14 electrical frequencies and compared their values to digital assessment of the cervix by the Bishop score for the prediction of the outcome of induced labour. We tested the association of labour characteristics and outcomes with CR and Bishop score by stepwise multilinear regression analyses, and the accuracy of prediction of categorical clinical outcomes by analysis of the area under the curves (AUC) of derived Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves.RESULTS:Of the four CR probe dimensions studied, only the 12 mm probe was predictive of any labour indices. In the frequency range 19 - 156 kHz, CR obtained with this probe was higher in women who delivered by caesarean section (CS) than those who delivered vaginally, and in labours lasting > 24 hrs. Cervical resistivity at 78.1 kHz best predicted vaginal delivery [optimal cut-off <2.25 Ohm.meter, AUC 0.66 (95% CI 0.59-0.72), sensitivity 71.0%, specificity 56.5%, LR+ 1.63, LR- 0.51, P < 0.01] and labour duration >24 hrs [optimal cut-off 2.27 O.m, AUC 0.65 (95% CI 0.58, 0.72), sensitivity 71%, specificity 59%, LR+ 1.72, LR- 0.50, P < 0.05]. In contrast digital assessment by the Bishop score neither predicted vaginal delivery nor the duration of labour. However, Bishop score predicted time to onset of labour > 12 hours and induction-delivery interval < 24 hrs [optimal cut-off = 4, AUC 0.8 (95% CI 0.75, 0.86), sensitivity 77%, specificity 76%, LR+ 3.3, LR- 0.3, P < 0.05] whilst CR did not.
CONCLUSION:
Cervical resistivity appears predictive of labour duration and delivery mode following induced labour. However the low predictive values obtained suggest that its current design proffers no immediate clinical utility.
Biomed Central
2009-09
Article
NonPeerReviewed
Jokhi, R., Brown, B. and Anumba, D. (2009) The role of cervical Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy in the prediction of the course and outcome of induced labour. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 9 (1). p. 40. ISSN 1471-2393
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/9/40
doi:10.1186/1471-2393-9-40
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:10185
2013-02-08T16:59:36Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355:536865666669656C642E4D5059
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/10185/
The detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by electrical impedance spectroscopy: The effects of acetic acid and tissue homogeneity
Balasubramani, L.
Brown, B.H.
Healey, J.
Tidy, J.A.
Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of an electrical impedance probe (Epitheliometer) in the diagnosis of high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women referred with cervical smear abnormalities and to assess the effect of acetic acid (AA) and tissue boundaries on the measurements.
Methods. A prospective observational study was undertaken in the colposcopy clinic. One hundred and sixty-five women, either with a clinical indication or abnormal cervical cytology, were recruited into the study. A pencil type probe was used to record impedance spectra from 12 points on the cervix before and after the application of 5% AA. Spectra were also recorded from tissue boundaries. Colposcopic examinations, including probe positioning, were video recorded to allow for correlations between histopathological diagnosis of colposcopically directed biopsies, colposcopic impression and the diagnosis based on impedance measurements.
Results. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were derived. The areas under the curves (AUCs) to discriminate original squamous from high grade CIN were 0.80 (pre AA) and 0.79 (post AA). Comparison of these curves showed no significant difference, indicating that application of AA does not produce a large change in spectra. The probe Could distinguish tissue boundaries from homogeneous tissue points.
Conclusion. The Epitheliometer has the potential to be used as an adjunct to colposcopy in the diagnosis of high grade CIN. It has the advantage of real time results, decreasing the need for diagnostic cervical biopsies, and facilitates a wider use of the 'see and treat' policy without the risk of overtreatment. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Elsevier
2009-11
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/10185/1/Brown1.pdf
Balasubramani, L., Brown, B.H., Healey, J. et al. (1 more author) (2009) The detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by electrical impedance spectroscopy: The effects of acetic acid and tissue homogeneity. Gynecologic Oncology, 115 (2). pp. 267-271. ISSN 0090-8258
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.08.010
10.1016/j.ygyno.2009.08.010
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:10222
2013-02-08T16:59:37Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355:536865666669656C642E52504D
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/10222/
Serum relaxin levels are reduced in pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage, and correlate with maternal uterine artery Doppler indices in first trimester
Anumba, D.O.C.
El Gelany, S.
Elliott, S.
Li, T.C.
Objectives: Defective implantation is a mechanism for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). We sought to determine whether the serum expression of human relaxin-2 (RLX) is impaired in women with a history of RPL.
Study design: Employing a prospective case-controlled design we studied 20 pregnant women with a history of RPL and 20 age-matched women with no history of RPL (NRPL). We measured serum relaxin-2 levels by ELISA at 6-8. 10-12, 20, and 34 weeks gestation and in cord blood, and maternal uterine artery Doppler resistance index (RI) at >= 10 weeks gestation.
Results: Relaxin rose to a peak at 12 weeks, and gradually declined towards term. At all gestations, women with a history of RPL had lower RLX levels than women without. At 10-12 weeks gestation, uterine artery RI correlated with serum RLX for both RPL and NRPL. In the NRPL group at 10-12 weeks the presence of a notched waveform was associated with higher RLX levels than the absence of a notch (mean 2.1 ng/ml vs. 1.3 ng/ml, P < 0.05) and also at 20 weeks (2.1 ng/ml vs. 0.95 ng/ml, P < 0.05) but no such difference was seen in the RPL group. Umbilical venous RLX was 4-fold higher in the RPL group than the NRPL group.
Conclusion: Women with a history of RPL demonstrate attenuated levels of serum RLX across all pregnancy trimesters. How dysregulated RLX metabolism may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcome in RPL requires further investigation. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Elsevier
2009-11
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/10222/1/Anumba1.pdf
Anumba, D.O.C., El Gelany, S., Elliott, S. et al. (1 more author) (2009) Serum relaxin levels are reduced in pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage, and correlate with maternal uterine artery Doppler indices in first trimester. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 147 (1). pp. 41-45. ISSN 0301-2115
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.07.008
10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.07.008
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:11014
2014-06-09T11:03:12Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464345:536865666669656C642E414353
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355:536865666669656C642E4D5059
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/11014/
Absolute electrical impedance tomography (aEIT) guided ventilation therapy in critical care patients: simulations and future trends
Denai, M.
Mahfouf, M.
Mohamad-Samuri, S.
Panoutsos, G.
Brown, B.H.
Mills, G.H.
Thoracic electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a noninvasive, radiation-free monitoring technique whose aim is to reconstruct a cross-sectional image of the internal spatial distribution of conductivity from electrical measurements made by injecting small alternating currents via an electrode array placed on the surface of the thorax. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the fundamentals of EIT and demonstrate the principles of mechanical ventilation, lung recruitment, and EIT imaging on a comprehensive physiological model, which combines a model of respiratory mechanics, a model of the human lung absolute resistivity as a function of air content, and a 2-D finite-element mesh of the thorax to simulate EIT image reconstruction during mechanical ventilation. The overall model gives a good understanding of respiratory physiology and EIT monitoring techniques in mechanically ventilated patients. The model proposed here was able to reproduce consistent images of ventilation distribution in simulated acutely injured and collapsed lung conditions. A new advisory system architecture integrating a previously developed data-driven physiological model for continuous and noninvasive predictions of blood gas parameters with the regional lung function data/information generated from absolute EIT (aEIT) is proposed for monitoring and ventilator therapy management of critical care patients.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
2010-05
Article
NonPeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/11014/1/Mahfouf_Absolute.pdf
Denai, M., Mahfouf, M., Mohamad-Samuri, S. et al. (3 more authors) (2010) Absolute electrical impedance tomography (aEIT) guided ventilation therapy in critical care patients: simulations and future trends. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 14 (3). pp. 641-649. ISSN 1089-7771
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TITB.2009.2036010
10.1109/TITB.2009.2036010
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:11109
2014-06-14T16:05:55Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355:536865666669656C642E52504D
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/11109/
Circulating levels of matrix proteases and their inhibitors in pregnant women with and without a history of recurrent pregnancy loss
Anumba, D.O.C.
El Gelany, S.
Elliott, S.L.
Li, T.C.
Background: We have recently shown that serum relaxin-2 levels are attenuated in women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). We sought to determine whether a history of RPL is also associated with changes in serum matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteases (TIMP) -1 and -2.
Methods: We obtained serum from 20 pregnant women with a history of RPL and 20 age-matched pregnant women with no history of RPL (NRPL) at 6-8, 10-12, 20, and 34 weeks gestation, and from cord blood. We quantified total serum concentrations of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 by ELISA. We determined whether these serum marker levels were associated with a history of RPL and delivery before 37 weeks gestation.
Results: There was no difference in the rates of miscarriage, preterm birth or prelabour rupture of fetal membranes between RPL and NRPL. However babies born to RPL were lighter than those born to NRPL. Serum MMP-1, 9, and TIMP-1 did not differ between RPL and NRPL but MMP-3 was higher in RPL vs. NRPL at 6-8 weeks (P < 0.05). Serum TIMP-2 levels were higher in RPL women at all gestations (P < 0.01). The ratio of RLX-2 (reported previously) to TIMP-2 at 10-12 weeks gestation was more strongly associated with a history of RPL than either peptide separately - area under the ROC curves for RLX-2 0.79 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.92), TIMP-2 0.83 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.95), and for RLX-2: TIMP-2 ratio 0.92 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.99).
Conclusions: Women with a history of RPL demonstrate increased serum TIMP-2 and reduced RLX-2 during a subsequent viable pregnancy. Determination of both markers in early pregnancy enhances the discrimination of women with a history of RPL. These observations suggest roles for these two peptides in early implantation and placental development. Whether these may prove to be reliable early predictive markers for subsequent pregnancy loss in the index pregnancy is unknown and will require further studies.
BioMed Central
2010-06-16
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/11109/1/Anumba_Circulating.pdf
Anumba, D.O.C., El Gelany, S., Elliott, S.L. et al. (1 more author) (2010) Circulating levels of matrix proteases and their inhibitors in pregnant women with and without a history of recurrent pregnancy loss. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 8. Art no.62. ISSN 1477-7827
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-8-62
10.1186/1477-7827-8-62
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:43070
2013-02-08T17:32:37Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355:536865666669656C642E52504D
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/43070/
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a patient treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer
Baigent, A.
Lashen, H.
Objective: To report the management of a rare case of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) induced by tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer in a 50-year-old woman.
Design: Case report.
Setting: Gynecology outpatient department of a university hospital.
Patient(s): A 50-year-old premenopausal patient with a history of breast cancer was prescribed adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen.
Intervention(s): Temporary discontinuation of tamoxifen therapy resolved symptoms, but resumption of tamoxifen caused a recurrence of symptoms. Surgical bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy was therefore performed.
Main Outcome Measure(s): Resolution of symptoms of OHSS.
Result(s): Bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy rendered the patient postmenopausal and enabled the commencement of the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole as an alternative adjuvant therapy for breast cancer.
Conclusion(s): Tamoxifen-induced OHSS is rare. Furthermore, OHSS is very rare in the older female. OHSS usually resolves with temporary discontinuation of tamoxifen, however, the recurrence of symptoms when resuming tamoxifen is better treated with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy to enable adjuvant treatment with anastrazole. (Fertil Steril (R) 2011; 95: 2429. e5-e7. (C) 2011 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.)
Elsevier
2011-06
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/43070/2/WRRO_43070.pdf
Baigent, A. and Lashen, H. (2011) Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a patient treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer. Fertility and Sterility, 95 (7). Art no. e19858. ISSN 0015-0282
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.03.070
10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.03.070
oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:88968
2016-11-03T06:02:19Z
7374617475733D707562
74797065733D61727469636C65
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E6E6575726F736369656E6365
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E464350:536865666669656C642E505359
756E69743D536865666669656C64:536865666669656C642E46434D:536865666669656C642E4D4544:536865666669656C642E435355:536865666669656C642E4D5059
696E737469747574696F6E3D536865666669656C64
7072696D6F3D6861735F7075626C6963
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/88968/
The Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation by Implementation Intentions
Hallam, G.P.
Webb, T.L.
Sheeran, P.
Miles, E.
Wilkinson, I.D.
Hunter, M.D.
Barker, A.T.
Woodruff, P.W.R.
Totterdell, P.
Lindquist, K.A.
Farrow, T.F.D.
Several studies have investigated the neural basis of effortful emotion regulation (ER) but the neural basis of automatic ER has been less comprehensively explored. The present study investigated the neural basis of automatic ER supported by ‘implementation intentions’. 40 healthy participants underwent fMRI while viewing emotion-eliciting images and used either a previously-taught effortful ER strategy, in the form of a goal intention (e.g., try to take a detached perspective), or a more automatic ER strategy, in the form of an implementation intention (e.g., “If I see something disgusting, then I will think these are just pixels on the screen!”), to regulate their emotional response. Whereas goal intention ER strategies were associated with activation of brain areas previously reported to be involved in effortful ER (including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), ER strategies based on an implementation intention strategy were associated with activation of right inferior frontal gyrus and ventro-parietal cortex, which may reflect the attentional control processes automatically captured by the cue for action contained within the implementation intention. Goal intentions were also associated with less effective modulation of left amygdala, supporting the increased efficacy of ER under implementation intention instructions, which showed coupling of orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala. The findings support previous behavioural studies in suggesting that forming an implementation intention enables people to enact goal-directed responses with less effort and more efficiency.
Public Library of Science
2015-03-23
Article
PeerReviewed
text
en
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/88968/7/Neural%20correlates.pdf
Hallam, G.P., Webb, T.L., Sheeran, P. et al. (8 more authors) (2015) The Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation by Implementation Intentions. PLoS ONE. ISSN 1932-6203
https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0119500
10.1371/ journal.pone.0119500