Assessing and promoting the use of implementation intentions in clinical practice

Rationale

Striving for goals is a key part of psychological therapy, but people often struggle to translate their goals into action. Prior evidence has found that forming ifthen plans (or ‘implementation intentions’) is an effective way to bridge the gap between goals and action. However, it is unclear if therapists naturally prompt their clients to form implementation intentions and, if not, whether training would be feasible.

Method and Results

Study 1 coded the behavior change techniques used in 40 sessions of therapy for depression using a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy approach and a Person-Centred Experiential Therapy approach and found that therapists do not typically prompt their clients to form implementation intentions in either therapeutic approach. Objectives: Studies 2 and 3 sought to develop and evaluate a training program for therapists on implementation intentions.

Method and Results

Training was delivered face-to-face to 69 cognitive-behavioral therapists (Study 2), and online to 87 therapists working across models (Study 3) and therapists completed self-report measures of their use and knowledge of implementation intentions before training, post-training, and follow-up. The training significantly increased therapists’ use and knowledge of implementation intentions.

Conclusions

Taken together, these findings suggest therapists can be trained in the use of implementation intentions and that appropriate content might be integrated into training programs.