Sources of self-efficacy in springboard and highboard diving: A qualitative investigation

Self-efficacy has been linked with enhanced sports performance and has shown to have a mediating effect on stress. The purpose of this study was to explore the use of self-efficacy as well as the sources and influences on self-efficacy beliefs in competitive springboard and highboard divers. Participants were two adult (M Age = 39.5 years) and ten adolescent divers (M Age = 14.5 years) with an average of four years experience and were required to participate in semi-structured focus groups. Each focus group consisted of 6 participants; allocation to focus groups was based on convenience for the participant. Transcripts were analysed through deductive reasoning, nine first order theme emerged through the data analysis process; preparatory skills, family influences, coach influences, peer influences, competition, emotions, imaginary barriers, watching diving, and memories. These findings suggest that the effects of physiological and emotional reactions are influential in the development of divers perceptions, and suggest the use of self-efficacy theory as a mediator of these effects.