The possible risks of proton pump inhibitors

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) suppress gastric acid secretion by selectively inhibiting the enzyme hydrogen–potassium adenosine triphosphatase, located in gastric parietal cells. These drugs superseded H2-receptor antagonists as first-line acid suppressants in the 1980s, and their potent effect has revolutionised the management of common upper gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, and functional dyspepsia. These drugs are also widely used as part of regimens designed to eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection, and as prophylaxis against the deleterious effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the GI tract.