Station level refinement of train unit network flow schedules

Train unit scheduling at the network level focuses on vehicle flows to cover a timetable satisfying seat demands at minimum operational costs. Train stations are simplified to single points ignoring tracks and platforms. Where a trip is covered by coupled train units, the coupling order is also left undetermined. In this paper, the train station simplifications and unit coupling orders are addressed to refine a network flow schedule with added operational plans at the station level.